Foot ulceration is one of the biggest complications experienced by type 2 diabetes patients. The severity and prevention of new wounds can be overcome through early detection interventions. This systematic review aims to explain and provide a comparison of various interventions that have been developed to prevent the occurrence of Diabetes Foot Ulcers (DFU). We searched Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, CINAHL, SAGE, and ProQuest for English, experimental studies, published between 2016-2021 that tested early detection for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in diabetic patients. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines were used to assess eligibility, and PRISMA quality and a checklist to guide this review. 25 studies were obtained that matched the specified inclusion criteria. The entire article has an experimental study design. Majority of respondents were type 2 diabetes patients who have not experienced ulceration. Based on the results of the review, there were 3 main types of interventions used in the early detection of DFU. The types of intervention used are 1) conventional intervention/physical assessment, 2) 3D thermal camera assessment system, and 3) DFU screening instrument. The three types of interventions have advantages and disadvantages, so their use needs to be adjusted to the conditions and needs of the patient. the development of DFU risk early detection intervention needs to be developed. Integration with modern technology can also be done to increase the accuracy of the results and the ease of examination procedures.

Background: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acute respiratory syndrome, also known as COVID-19, has spread exponentially around the world. COVID-19 attacks all age groups including the neonatal group because of the very high infection rate. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are a population that is susceptible to contracting COVID-19 because of their immature immune system. LBW is at risk of experiencing vertical and horizontal transmission due to COVID-19 with the controversial management of LBW care. Therefore, improving evidence-based LBW care in the era COVID-19 pandemic with infection control measures is needed to prevent the risk of transmitting LBW due to COVID-19. Purpose: This study aims to provide understanding and evidence on caring related to COVID-19 infection in LBW which is considered to reduce the threat of COVID-19 in LBW. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out by following the Update Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to gain insight into LBW care in the era COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Of the 274 research articles produced, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: LBW care in the era Covid-19 pandemic such as breastfeeding, kangaroo method care, and living with mothers in accordance with infection control measures are important to increase scientific awareness about LBW care to prevent LBW contracting Covid-19. Conclusion: The risk of LBW infection around the time of birth is low when precautions to protect the baby are taken. The risk of short-term and long-term impact of LBW care if mother breastfeed and rooming-in are using infection control measures appears to be smaller than the physical separation of infants and not breastfeeding in this pandemic era.

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Objective: To present an overview of breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions to enhance the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with low birth weight infants. Method: The systematic review comprised search for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2014 to January 2022 on Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sage journals, ProQuest, Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome framework and in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. The analytical quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Results: Of the 339 studies initially identified, 10(2.94%) qualified for detailed analysis. Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions could notably enhance the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions can be modified and effectively used by nurses to improve the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with low birth weight infants. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Milk, Infant, Low birth weight, Intervention.

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