In crop cultivation, plant pests and diseases are a frequent issue that producers still manage with chemical pesticides. Similar to this, inorganic pesticides are used in the production of edamame soybeans, which will ultimately have a negative effect on health, the environment, and product quality. This study aims to obtain the best botanical pesticide formula that can reduce pest attacks on soybean cultivation so as to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to plant pest control. Because they leave no chemical residues and are safe for ingestion, organic pesticides can help soybean producers manage pests and diseases, cut production costs, and improve product quality. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) 6 treatments and 3 replications. The organic pesticide treatments were P0 (control), P1 (garlic), P2 (shallots), P3 (papaya leaves) and P4 (tobacco leaves), P5 (lemongrass). To evaluate the effectiveness of organic pesticides, an efficacy test was carried out. The results showed that all types of materials used as organic pesticides had an effect on reducing the level of pest attacks on soybean plants starting from the sixth week. An organic pesticide made from papaya leaves gave the highest real yield on the number of filled pods and pod weight of soybean plant.

Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest on several food crops including soybeans and corn. Armyworm control still emphasizes the use of resistant varieties and insecticides. Alternative efforts are needed to use more environmentally-friendly control methods, including the use of organic pesticides from biological materials. The control of Spodoptera frugiperda was carried out by testing the application of several types of organic pesticides at the same concentration of 50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of pesticide that was most effective in reducing mortality and attack from Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was started by doing mass propagation of S. frugiperda larvae, S. frugiperda larvae investment, and mortality test. The test used the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method using several organic pesticides consisting of five treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (tobacco), P2 (shallot), P3 (garlic), and P4 (papaya leaves), P5 (blimbing wuluh leaves), P6 (Jatropa curcas fruit), P7 (lemongrass). The results of the application of organic pesticides on the mortality and attack rate of S. frugiperda had a significant effect. Organic pesticides that are most effective in reducing the mortality and attack rates of S. frugiperda are pesticides made from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). At a concentration of 50% organic pesticides made from tobacco can reduce the mortality of S. frugiperda up to 100%. Tobacco-based pesticides also received the lowest land attack rate at 46%. Organic pesticides applied to S. frugiperda larvae also affect the growth of S. frugiperda pupae.

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that play an important role as a source of foreign exchange for the country. One alternative to overcome the land decrease in rural area is to utilize urban farming in the form of a vertical planting system. This study aimed to obtain alternative techniques for planting coffee seedlings using vertical farming and to determine the effect of vertical planting with several growing media on the growth of coffee seedlings. The study was arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments, namely: 1) conventional nursery; 2) topsoil verticulture nursery; 3) topsoil and compost media verticulture, and 4) topsoil, compost, and husk charcoal media verticulture. The data were analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The observed variables included observations of the morphology of coffee seedlings and verticulture environmental factors. The results showed that vertical planting on the vegetative growth of coffee seedlings was not significantly different from conventional planting. Topsoil planting media and husk charcoal in vertical planting did not significantly affect the morphological growth of coffee seedlings. The combination of topsoil, husk charcoal and compost gave the best plant height of 12.4 cm at 13 weeks after planting.

Diseases that often attack rice plants are bacterial leaf blight, this disease can reduce rice production by up to 60%. Control of bacterial leaf blight in addition to using chemicals can also use biological agents, one of which is Paenibacillus polymyxa. Testing of biological control applications begins with inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria on ciherang rice seeds 9 days after planting (DAP). Planting rice using Randomized Block Design using biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa consists of four treatments, Control (P0), 2,5 ml l-1 (P1), 5 ml l-1 (P2), and 7,5 ml l-1 (P3). The biological control application is carried out on seeds, 10 DAP, 2 week after planting (WAP), and 4 WAP. Observations were made once a week to observe the rice growth and intensity of the disease. Observations were made in the vegetative phase. The results of the Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control test can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack even though the difference in each treatment is not significantly different. The recommended concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa biological control is 7,5 ml l-1. This concentration can reduce the level of bacterial leaf blight attack in the vegetative phase.

This study evaluates the feasibility of integration of the single-bud sugarcane and catfish farming system and the growth rate of both plants and fish. The observation started from September to November 2020. The design used was randomized with one factor. The treatments used were cultivation of single-bud sugarcane in polybags, hydroponic single-bud sugarcane cultivation, integration of single-bud sugarcane-catfish, and catfish cultivation. The results showed that the growth of sugarcane seedlings and the catfish indicate that the integrated cultivation system of sugarcane-catfish is feasible to apply. Such an integration system produces a better number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and root length than the cultivation system of sugarcane seedlings in polybags. The weight of the canopy and the root of sugarcane seedlings in the integration system is also noticeable greater than the sugarcane seedlings cultivated in the polybag. In addition, the rate of catfish growth in the integration system is better than catfish's ordinary cultivation.   Keywords: hydroponic, integration farming system, single bud sugarcane planting