This study analyzes the effect of career system, motivation, and work discipline on the performance of foundation lecturers at private universities in Besuki Raya Region through job-insecurity. Observations were made at five large private universities in Besuki Raya Region by involving 200 lecturers. The analytical method used is the structural equation model (SEM). The findings and results of the study indicate that: (1) a good career system has a significant positive effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (2) motivation to become a more qualified lecturer has a significant positive effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (3) work discipline has no significant effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (4) the career system has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (5) motivation has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (6) work discipline has no significant effect on job-insecurity; and (7) job-insecurity has a significant negative effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers in Besuki Raya Region.

This study aims to explain the effect of employee friendliness, understanding of the products sold, and the diversity of product items on consumer loyalty through consumer satisfaction at Alfamart in the city of Surabaya. The object of observation is consumers who visit Alfamart to shop. In this study, observations were made of 200 consumers who were shopping at Alfamart stores, provided that the consumer has made purchases at least five times at any Alfamart store in Surabaya. The analytical method used is the structural equation model (SEM), with exogenous variables: friendliness of salespeople; the salesperson's understanding of the products, and the completeness and variety of available product items; endogenous variables: consumer loyalty; and the intervening variable: consumer satisfaction. The compared models are model-1, where loyalty is positioned as an endogenous variable with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable, and model-2, where customer satisfaction is an endogenous variable with loyalty as an intervening variable. The findings and results of the study indicate that: (1) the friendliness of the salesperson has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction; (2) customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on loyalty; and (3) from the comparison of the two models, it can be stated that the better model in explaining the phenomenon under study is model-1. Thus, these findings further support the theory that loyalty arises after a person feels satisfied.