The ancestors of the Javanese community have knowledge of farming methods on agricultural land and various tra-ditional farming equipment passed down from generation to generation, which is still simple in nature, used by a group of hereditary communities and is part of the technology system they possess according to their cultural con-ception. There are two types of agricultural equipment used, namely traditional and modern farming tools. Traditi-onal farming tools are simple and driven using human labor, while modern agricultural tools are driven by machines. The transformation of traditional agricultural tools to modern agricultural tools needs to be studied more deeply. This article will discuss about the traditional agricultural tools used by the Javanese people, especially Cen-tral Java, along with the transformation of traditional agricultural tools into modern agricultural tools. This article is derived from research that utilizes qualitative descriptive research approach. Data were collected using interview technique, observation, and literature study. Interviews were conducted with informants (rice farmers and owner of agricultural land) who were considered to know and master the problems of traditional farming equipment in Klaten District. The reasons for use of traditional farming tools by farmers are (1) farmers feel that traditional farming tools are more appropriate than modern farming tools, (2) unprocessed areas, (3) able to reach narrow areas, (4) practical and easy to carry as well as used, and (5) low prices and such tools are easy to find. Some traditional farming tools have undergone transformation into modern agricultural tools. These modern agricultural tools are operated by machines, can be grouped into (1) modern soil implements, (2) modern cultivators, and (3) modern harvesters.Nenek moyang masyarakat Jawa memiliki pengetahuan cara bercocok tanam di lahan pertanian dan berbagai macam peralatan pertanian tradisional yang diwariskan secara turun temurun, yang masih sederhana sifatnya, digunakan oleh sekelompok masyarakat secara turun temurun dan merupakan bagian dari sistem teknologi yang mereka miliki menurut konsepsi kebudayaannya. Ada dua jenis alat pertanian yang digunakan, yakni alat pertanian tradisional dan mo-dern. Alat pertanian tradisional bentuknya sederhana dan digerakkan menggunakan tenaga manusia, sedangkan alat pertanian modern digerakkan dengan menggunakan mesin. Transformasi alat pertanian tradisional menuju alat pertanian modern perlu untuk dikaji lebih dalam. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang alat pertanian tradisional yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Jawa, khususnya Jawa Tengah, berikut transformasi alat pertanian tradisional menjadi alat pertanian modern. Artikel ini berasal dari penelitian yang memanfaatkan pen-dekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan dengan para informan (para petani padi dan petani ladang) yang dianggap mengetahui dan menguasai masalah alat pertanian tradisional di Kabupaten Klaten. Penggunaan alat pertanian tradisional oleh petani ini dengan alasan (1) petani merasa alat pertanian tra-disional lebih tepat dipergunakan daripada alat pertanian modern, (2) area yang diolah tidak luas, (3) mampu menjangkau area yang sempit, (4) praktis dan mudah dibawa serta digunakan, dan (5) harga murah dan alat tersebut mudah ditemukan. Beberapa alat pertanian tradisional telah mengalami transformasi menjadi alat pertanian modern. Alat pertanian modern ini dioperasikan dengan mesin, da-pat dikelompokkan menjadi (1) alat pengolah tanah modern, (2) alat tanam modern, dan (3) alat pemanen modern.

Abstrak: Pengembangan karakter dapat dilakukan melalui setiap subjek dan unit-unit pendidikan serta setiap kegiatan kurikuler dan ekstrakurikuler. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menggambarkan profil bahan ajar bahasa Indonesia di sekolah dasar, kebutuhan siswa dan guru pada buku teks bahasa Indonesia tematik berkarakter, dan prototipe buku teks bahasa Indonesia yang tematik berkarakter untuk sekolah dasar melalui sastra anak-anak. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang diterapkan pada bidang pendidikan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar dan guru sekolah dasar di Kota Ungaran dan Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) sebanyak 67 guru (72 %) menyatakan bahwa guru perlu buku teks bahasa Indonesia baru dan sebanyak 26 guru (28 %) me- nyatakan bahwa guru tidak perlu buku bahasa Indonesia baru; (2) 14 orang (15 %) guru menganggap bahwa buku teks bahasa Indonesia dapat membantu guru untuk mengajarkan pendidikan karakter kepada anak didiknya; (3) 49 orang (53 %) guru menganggap buku teks bahasa Indonesia saat ini tidak membantu untuk mengajarkan pendidikan karakter kepada anak didiknya; dan (4) 20 orang (22 %) guru menganggap buku teks bahasa Indonesia tidak dapat membantu untuk mengajarkan pen- didikan karakter kepada anak didiknya. Kata Kunci: buku ajar, tematik, karakter, dan sastra anak

A movie can be used as an effective and feasible medium for delivering messages; this served as the study’s rationale. This research acquired communicative speeches in the Salahuddin Al Ayyubi movie. This research aimed to explore two objectives: to describe the form of directive speech acts and to find out the functions of the directive speech acts. The techniques used in this research comprised: (1) uninvolved conversation observation; (2) recording; (3) transcription; and (4) note-taking. The results showed that (1) there were six forms of directive speech acts in the dialogues of "Saladin al-Ayyubi", i.e., imperative, request, invitation, advice, criticism, and prohibition; (2) the functions of directive speech acts in the dialogues of "Saladin al -Ayyubi” are quite varied. The imperative functions had 83 speech data. The request function comprised 52 speech data. The invitation function involved 33 speech data. The advice function consisted of 39 speech data. The criticism act had 13 speech data. The prohibition function consisted of 23 speech data.

Song lyrics are basically part  of literary works, they belong to poetry type literary works because both have  similarities in their elements. So the analysis of the meaning of the lyrics of the song  Al Barq Al Yamani which was popularized by Nissa Sabyan and Adam Ali is carried  out using a semiotic analysis of Michael Riffaterre's model which focuses on poetry  analysis (song lyrics). This study aims to find the meaning ofsong lyrics Al Barq Al Yamani's by  describing (1) the unsustainability of the expression, (2) heuristic reading, (3)  hermeneutic reading, (4) matrix, model and variant, and (5) hypogram. This research  is a descriptive-qualitative research with a semiotic approach and the lyrics of the song  Al Barq Al Yamani as its corpus. The design used in this research is library research.The results of this study are as follows. (1) the continuity of expressions  includes: (a) displacing of meaning shown through the use of personified figurative  language, metaphor and synecdiction, (b) distorsing of meaning through ambiguity and  nonsense, (c) creating of meaning caused by rhyme, enjambement and typography (2)  The heuristic reading describes the longing and desires of a person (writer) for his  lover. (3) Hermeneutic reading describes the longing and desires of a person (writer)  for his lover, namely the Prophet Muhammad SAW. A depiction of longing to meet  and hope to be by his side. (4) Matrix: Prophet Muhammad SAW, model: longings and  desires, as well as variants that spread throughout the verse. (5) Hypogram consists of  potential and actual hypograms

The Qur'an, apart from being a basic guideline in religion, has long been a primary data source in various studies and studies because of the richness of scientific concepts contained in it. Istifhâm as one of the various sentences used as a medium of interaction in the Al-Qur'an. In this study, the researcher discusses the istifhâm in the 20th Al-Qur'an juz. This research is a qualitative research with a research library research design. The purpose of this study was to describe the types and functions of the interrogative words (istifhâm) contained in Al-Qur'an juz 20. The data was collected using purposive sampling technique. The research instruments were data cards and recapitulation sheets. The data analysis technique used the content analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the researchers found 32 data in the form of adawatul istifhâm, including hamzah, man, hal, maa, aina, kaifa, maadzaa, am, and ayyana consisting of 26 istifhâm majazi and 8 istifhâm haqiqi data which are divided into 9 functions and istifhâm goals.   Al Qur’an selain sebagai pedoman pokok dalam beragama sejak dahulu telah menjadi sumber data primer dalam berbagai penelitian dan studi karena kekayaan konsep keilmuan yang ada di dalamnya. Istifhâm sebagai salah satu ragam kalimat yang digunakan sebagai media interaksi dalam Al-Qur’an. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti membahas istifhâm pada Al-Qur’an juz ke 20. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian library research. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis dan fungsi kata tanya (istifhâm) yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an juz 20. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik sampling pertimbangan (purposive sampling). Instrumen penelitian berupa kartu data dan lembar rekapitulasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan 32 data yang berupa adawatul istifhâm antara lain hamzah, man, hal, maa, aina, kaifa, maadzaa, am, dan ayyana yang terdiri atas 26 istifhâm majazi dan 8 data istifhâm haqiqi yang dibedakan menjadi 9 fungsi dan tujuan istifhâm.