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The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) believes that open access contributes to its mission of reducing hunger and poverty, and improving human nutrition in the tropics through research aimed at increasing the eco-efficiency of agriculture. CIAT is committed to creating and sharing knowledge and information openly and globally. We do this through collaborative research as well as through the open sharing of our data, tools, and publications.

RESUMENLa obesidad es una pandemia mundial y los niños son un grupo vulnerable. En América se estimó que en el año 2010 el 15,2% de los menores 18 años la podría sufrir. La obesidad en la niñez y la adolescencia tiene un impacto negativo en la salud y carga de enfermedades en esa etapa de vida y, posteriormente, en la adultez, cobrando un impacto negativo en la economía de un país debido a que se incrementa el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, los gastos de salud y los costos indirectos como consecuencia de la enfermedad. El Perú está en un proceso de transición epidemiológica, donde no se ha solucionado los problemas de desnutrición y ya cuenta con altas tasas de obesidad infantil (10% en niños menores de cinco años); estando dentro de uno de los países con mayor incremento de la obesidad infantil en los últimos años a nivel Latinoamericano. La niñez y adolescencia son consideradas periodos críticos porque en estas etapas se instalan los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física, y porque gran parte de los niños y adolescentes obesos seguirán siéndolo al llegar a adultos. Por ello, es crucial buscar estrategias e intervenciones que prevengan el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil y del adolescente para así mejorar las condiciones de salud de un país.Palabras clave: Sobrepeso; Obesidad; Niño; Adolescente; Causa; Impactos en la salud (fuente: DeCS BIREME). ABSTRACTObesity is a worldwide pandemic and children are a vulnerable group. In America, it was estimated that in 2010, 15.2% of 18 year-old children could suffer from this. Obesity in children and teenagers has a negative impact on health and on the load of diseases at this stage of life, and later on in adulthood, having a negative impact on the economy of a country due to the rise of risks of chronic diseases, health expenses and indirect costs as a result of the disease. Peru is going through an epidemiological transition, with unsolved malnutrition problems and high child obesity rates (10% of children under five), thus being one of the countries with a higher increase of child obesity in recent years in Latin America. Childhood and adolescence are considered critical periods because eating habits and physical activity start at this point; and because most obese children and teenagers will maintain those habits until they reach adulthood. For this reason, it is essential to seek strategies and interventions that prevent overweight and obesity among children and teenagers in order to improve the health conditions of a country.Key words: Overweight; Obesity; Child; Adolescent; Causality; Impacts on health (source: MeSH NLM).hacía algo al respecto, millones de personas a nivel mundial estarían en riesgo de sufrir enfermedades crónicas (diabetes, hipertensión, ateroesclerosis, enfermedad cardiovascular, etc.) y que esto traería un alto impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad (1,2) .La OMS estimó en el 2005 que 1600 millones de adultos (mayores de 15 años) sufrían de sobrepeso, y 400 INTRODUCCIÓNLa obesidad, enfermedad que se puede iniciar desde la infancia, es cons...

Background: Sweetpotato and potato are fast-maturing staple crops and widely consumed in low-and middle-income countries. Conventional breeding to biofortify these crops with iron could improve iron intakes. To our knowledge, iron absorption from sweetpotato and potato has not been assessed. Objective: The aim was to assess iron absorption from regular and iron-biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Malawi and yellow-fleshed potato and iron-biofortified purple-fleshed potato in Peru. Methods: We conducted 2 randomized, multiple-meal studies in generally healthy, iron-depleted women of reproductive age. Malawian women (n = 24) received 400 g regular or biofortified sweetpotato test meals and Peruvian women (n = 35) received 500 g regular or biofortified potato test meals. Women consumed the meals at breakfast for 2 wk and were then crossed over to the other variety. We labeled the test meals with 57 Fe or 58 Fe and measured cumulative erythrocyte incorporation of the labels 14 d after completion of each test-meal sequence to calculate iron absorption. Iron absorption was compared by paired-sample t tests. Results: The regular and biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meals contained 0.55 and 0.97 mg Fe/100 g. Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption (FIA) was 5.82% (3.79%, 8.95%) and 6.02% (4.51%, 8.05%), respectively (P = 0.81), resulting in 1.9-fold higher total iron absorption (TIA) from biofortified sweetpotato (P < 0.001). The regular and biofortified potato test meals contained 0.33 and 0.69 mg Fe/100 g. FIA was 28.4% (23.5%, 34.2%) from the regular yellow-fleshed and 13.3% (10.6%, 16.6%) from the biofortified purple-fleshed potato meals, respectively (P < 0.001), resulting in no significant difference in TIA (P = 0.88). Conclusions: FIA from regular yellow-fleshed potato was remarkably high, at 28%. Iron absorbed from both potato test meals covered 33% of the daily absorbed iron requirement for women of reproductive age, while the biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meal covered 18% of this requirement. High polyphenol concentrations were likely the major inhibitors of iron absorption. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03840031 (Malawi) and NCT04216030 (Peru).

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