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This paper evaluates the economic benefits of self-employment in Canada for 12 groups of ethno-racial immigrants. It tests whether or not their self-employment earnings are higher or lower than similar groups in wage and salary employment, whether ethnic minorities earn more or less from self-employment compared to White immigrants, and whether self-employment earnings of immigrant groups vary by their industrial sectors of employment. Using the Canadian Census 2006, I show that self-employed ethno-racial immigrants earn less than White immigrants. I also show that the economic benefits of self-employment depend on the ethno-racial groups and the industrial mix of their self-employment.

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, language, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, and disability on the self-rated health of male and female immigrants. Our data source is the Canadian General Social Survey (2004). Results show that immigrants report more discrimination than nonimmigrants and female immigrants are more likely to report discrimination than male immigrants. Moreover, all types of perceived discrimination are inversely related to selfrated health for all groups, and the effect of perceived discrimination on poor health is stronger particularly for female than male immigrants. For most types of discrimination, female immigrants reported 1.1 to 2.5 times more health problems due to perceived discrimination than male immigrants. These ratios increased to 1.5 to 3.8 times in multivariate analyses that take into account the socio-demographic and socio-economic variables.