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The case of a 21-week fetus with bilateral femoral hypoplasia and bowing related to maternal diabetes mellitus is reported. The femoral middiaphysis (site of hypoplasia and bowing) showed intramembranous ossification instead of the normal endochondral ossification, thus pointing to a transient inhibition of chondrogenesis of the mesenchymal femoral model as the causative mechanism. This finding is correlated with the recent experimental advances in the field of limb development in vertebrates.

Vasculitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and destruction of blood vessels, resulting in ischemic injury to the involved tissue. Sometimes, peripheral neuropathy is one of the first symptoms of systemic vasculitis. Although the classic form of peripheral nervous system vasculitis is mononeuritis multiplex, it can also present as a mononeuritis. In this case report, the patient presented with progressive rapid onset numbness in her right hand for 2 months. She underwent carpal tunnel decompression surgery with initial diagnosis of acute carpal tunnel syndrome but failed to respond to the surgery, and two month later, she presented with foot drop. The final diagnosis was vasculitic mononeuritis multiplex. The present case report demonstrates the importance of identification of median mononeuritis as one of the first presentations of vasculitic disorders and distinction from acute carpal tunnel syndrome. The natural history of many of the systemic vasculitides is rapidly progressive, and they are likely to be fatal without early treatment. In this regard, timely diagnosis of vasculitis is critical because of the vital role of early immunosuppressive therapy in preventing multiorgan damage and decreasing mortality rate.

Background: The most common type of neuropathy in adults is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) which is caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the efficacy of gabapentin on nerve conduction studies in patients with mild CTS. The patients with mild CTS were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A received naproxen alone (500 mg/day, orally) while group B received both gabapentin (100-300 mg) and naproxen (500 mg/day, orally) for two months. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and distal motor latency (DML) were performed at baseline and two months after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to the outcome parameters before initiation of intervention. The SNCV and DML showed no significant improvements in group A (p>0.05), whereas for group B the SNCV and DML of the median nerve were significantly improved at two months after treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Gabapentin was found to be effective for SNCV and DML in patients with mild CTS over a two-month period.