Background: The highest incidence of lung cancer is seen in North America and the lowest incidence in central Africa. Socioeconomic factors of inequality reflect regional disparities in human development. Due to the importance of awareness about incidence and mortality of lung cancer in health programming and the possible role of the human development index (HDI), this study was done with the aim to investigate the epidemiology of lung cancer in the world and its relationship with HDI. Methods: The study was conducted based on data from the world data of cancer and the World Bank (including the HDI and its components). Data about the age-specific incidence and mortality rate (ASR) for every country in 2012 were getting from the global cancer project. To analyze data, correlation tests between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components were employed with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Results: Lung cancer with standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and standardized mortality rate (ASMR), equal to 23.1 and 19.7 (in 100,000 people), respectively. The highest and lowest values of mortality incidence ratio (MIR) for lung cancer due to continents division were 0.93 and 0.71 for Eastern Africa and Australia/ New Zealand, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant relationship (P<0.0001) between ASIR and ASMR with life expectancy at birth and mean years of schooling. Conclusions: The highest MIR for lung cancer was for medium human development countries. Linear regression analysis showed a reverse significant relationship between MIR and HDI.

Background: Leukemia accounts for 8% of total cancer cases and involves all age groups with different prevalence and incidence rates in Iran and the entire world and causes a significant death toll and heavy expenses for diagnosis and treatment processes. This study was done to evaluate epidemiology and morphology of blood Statistical analysis for incidence time trends and morphology change percentage was performed with joinpoint regression analysis using the software Joinpoint Regression Program. Results: During the studied years a total of 18,353 hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system cancers were recorded. Chi square test showed significant difference between sex and morphological types of blood cancer (P-value<0.001). Joinpoint analysis showed a significant increasing trend for the adjusted standard incidence rate (ASIR) for both sexes (P-value<0.05). Annual percent changes (APC) for women and men were 18.7 and 19.9, respectively. The most common morphological blood cancers were ALL, ALM, MM and CLL which accounted for 60% of total hematopoietic system cancers. Joinpoint analyze showed a significant decreasing trend for ALM in both sexes (P-value<0.05). Conclusions: Hematopoietic system cancers in Iran demonstrate an increasing trend for incidence rate and decreasing trend for ALL, ALM and CLL morphology.

The current study aimed to assess the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with self-care ability (SCA) among older adults. Participants were 170 older adults randomly recruited from seven urban health care centers in Gonbad Kavus, Iran. Data were collected using a personal characteristics questionnaire, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Self-Care Ability Questionnaire for the Elderly. Findings showed that 72.9% of participants reported mild loneliness and 2.4% reported severe loneliness. Mean scores of participants' loneliness, social isolation, and SCA were 29.91 ( SD = 11.22), 18.57 ( SD = 4.97), and 146.39 ( SD = 7.62), respectively. Mean SCA score had a significant inverse relationship with mean loneliness score (β = −0.368; p < 0.0001) and a significant direct relationship with mean social isolation score (β = 0.726; p < 0.0001). Current findings can be used to develop interventions for reducing loneliness and social isolation and improving SCA among older adults. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59 (1), 15–20.]

Background: Nurses' self-care assessment and elimination of obstacles with appropriate interventions will have a great impact on their own health as well as the recipients of health services. This study was designed to evaluate self-care status among nurses in selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 310 nurses working in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Data were collected by a questionnaire with 70 questions that was conducted to evaluate the health level in five dimensions. Data were analyzed by using the statistical tests of MANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The average scores of nurses' self-care in men and women were 244.1 and 245.3, respectively. The highest average score was for the supportive relationships dimension. There was a significant relationship between gender and self-care dimensions (P-value = 0.077). The average scores of self-care for nurses working in the emergency department, general department, surgical department, intensive care unit, and other sectors were 238.5, 247, 240.6, 245.6 and 251.1, respectively. There was a positive relation between supportive relationships dimension, age, and years of employment. In addition, there was a negative relation between the number of children and supportive relationships dimension (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that self-care among nurses in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences was moderately high, in a good and acceptable situation. However, there were poor scores in some areas and further study of the nurses’ self-care and its promoting strategies is still required.