We evaluated the data of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System on collegiate wrestling with a focus on musculoskeletal injuries. Over 800,000 athlete-exposures during an 11-year period compose these data. Findings particular to wrestling and a comparison with other collegiate sports are included. Collegiate wrestling had a relatively high rate of injury at 9.6 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. It was second to spring football in total injury rate. Most injuries in this study were not serious, with 6.3% resulting in surgery and 37.6% resulting in a week or more off from wrestling. There was only one catastrophic, nonfatal injury. The knee, shoulder, and ankle were the most commonly injured regions, and injuries to them were often the more serious. Sprains, strains, and contusions were the most common injury types. Takedowns and sparring were the most common activities at the time of injury. Mechanism of injury was evaluated; rotation about a planted foot and contact with environmental objects were identified as areas needing further attention. Illegal action accounted for only 4.6% of injuries in competition. Competition had a significantly higher injury rate than practice, but the injury profiles of these two areas showed both to be equally important. The preseason and regular season had higher injury rates than the postseason, but, again, the injury profiles of these periods were similar. Injury percentages were similar among the 10 weight classes.

The psychometric characteristics of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were investigated with American Indian boarding school students (A' = 188; Grades 9-12). The CES-D showed good internal consistency (a = .82). Its dimensional structure was different from that described for adults, both Indian and non-Indian. Of the Indian students, 58% were classified as depressed, using the standard cutoff score of 16 or more, consistent with past studies of this age group. Alternative scoring methods were considered, based on persistence of symptoms as well as derived DSM-III and Research Diagnostic Criteria algorithms. Major gender differences were observed in the prevalence of reported symptoms as well as patterns of endorsement for certain CES-D items. The CES-D should be used with caution with American Indian adolescents, given the observed variation in its dimensional structure and uncertainty regarding appropriate cutoffThe assessment of depression and associated symptomatology among adolescents has proceeded along several, often independent, lines. One approach applies self-report measures originally constructed for adults to this segment of the population.

Suicide is currently the second leading cause of death for ages 15-24 years; reports indicate that 6-8% of American teens have attempted suicide. Rates of suicide and suicide attempts are at least as high, if not higher, for American Indian adolescents and young adults. The Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Junior High School Version) (SIQ-JR) could be used to identify young people who may be at risk for attempting suicide, since this questionnaire focuses on suicidal ideation, a major risk factor for suicide attempt. However, little is known about the predictive validity of the SIQ-JR, particularly in American Indian adolescent populations. A suicide attempt cluster at an American Indian boarding school provided the unique opportunity to examine the performance of the SIQ-JR in a group of American Indian high school students who had taken the SIQ-JR approximately 2 months prior to the outbreak of attempts. The SIQ-JR proved to be an excellent predictor of future suicide attempts when compared to other measures of distress: anxiety, depression, and alcohol use. The SIQ-JR is an effective screener for suicide risk in this American Indian adolescent population.

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is among the most prevalent psychopathologies in American Indian communities. Yet little is known about the performance characteristics of common assessment tools in this population. This article describes the factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) on the basis of data from a sample of 605 American Indian college students. A 3-factor model fit the data well and was judged the most parsimonious. Comparisons of the factor structure across gender demonstrated that the differences were due largely to 1 item: cry. The implications of this work in the context of studies with other populations are discussed.Depression is among the most frequently acknowledged psychopathologies in American Indian communities, second only to suicide and alcoholism (Shore & Manson, 1983). Its occurrence has been linked to a variety of circumstances, including frequent interpersonal conflict (Ross & Davis, 1986), prolonged, unresolved grief (Jilek-All, Jilek, & Flynn, 1978), chronic familial instability (Resnik & Dizmang, 1971), unemployment (Travis, 1984, and rapid culture change (Kraus & Huffier, 1979). Yet little is known about the performance characteristics of even the most common tools for assessing the presence of such a debilitating condition in this special population (Manson, Shore, & Bloom, 1985). Rare exceptions include seminal, but now dated, work with the Cornell Medical Index, Health Opinion Survey, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (see Manson, Walker, & Kivlahan, 1987, for a review). The present report returns to this earlier tradition and describes one in a series of recent attempts to understand the psychometric properties of a widely used measure of depressive symptomatology, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D;Radloff, 1977), when used with American Indians.