Media is a cultural element that not only reflects the dominant attitudes of society but also shapes our approaches. Pakistani media mirrors the cultural influence on thoughts and ideas. This study intends to examine the current portrayal of women in crime reporting in Pakistani English print media. It also uncovers the change in media images, if there is any, over a period of seven years by comparing portrayal of women in 2007 with that in 2014. Data from widely read newspapers (Dawn and The News) for the period of March, 2007 and 2014 were collected and analyzed for linguistic choices using pragmatic approach. English media discourse is analyzed by following Mill's approach of Feminist Stylistics. Data are quantified to find the frequency of lexical choices being made. Result shows asymmetry in reporting female victims who are still described in terms of their marital status whereas male victims/perpetrators are represented in terms of their profession. Statistics show a slight change in naming victims and reporting their age in news.
Not all morphological adaptations between donor and recipient languages take place freely without undergoing rigorous assimilations, including phonetics/phonemics, graphemes, semantic changes, connotation changes and so on. Certain words are altered radically while some are altered moderately so that the loanwords may fit within framework of host languages. The process of adaptation as such, for sure, questions the morphological organisation of native words, while some merely challenges the grammatical organisation of the recipient. In either ways the adaptation must be concluded in the favour of recipient language rather than donor language at the end. Our investigation on adaptation of some popular Arabic Loan Nouns into two languages having two different grammatical systems, Urdu and Malay, show that both languages displayed significant degree of tolerance and the resistance against the same set of borrowed nouns. This paper lists the detailed information of the changes that allow the transformation of the borrowed terms as close as possible to substances.
This study explores the English language spoken issues at university level. The paper further found some phonetic and cognitive aspects as problematic i.e., pronunciation, grammar, listening, and reading skills. In addition, the study documents the weak areas of the students and contributes some of the significant techniques for the university students in Pakistan.
From the theoretical perspective of lexical morphology (LM), this paper analyzes neutral and non-neutral affixes and their general organizational position in the morphology of derived words in Urdu. It explores the properties and behavior that Urdu affixes exercise during their attachment or insertion into roots/bases to produce new words, to question the assumptions of LM. Nine hundred and eighty sample words were randomly selected from our observations, articles in Urdu newspapers, and Urdu news television channels in Pakistan. While LM helps a lot regarding the analysis of neutral and non-neutral affixes, its assumptions concerning the hierarchical organization of affixes in derived word-formations do not correspond with the morphology of words in Urdu. This paper contributes as an initial step toward formulating a theory of the morphology of derived words in Urdu – a language rarely theoretically analyzed regarding the morphology of its derived words.
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