Associating anthropogenic effects with variations in biodiversity is key to understanding how anthropogenic impacts are extrapolated in public supply micro-watersheds. The structure and dynamics of metacommunities in aquatic environments depend not only on the river network itself, but on a multitude of factors. Therefore, we associate the density and species richness of diatoms, assessed in a micro-watershed, with the following driver factors: local environmental variables, spatial variables, landscape characteristics, and the historical community, comparing their possible dispersal routes. Variance partitioning was performed using partial RDA models, with prior selection of predictor variables, to estimate the relative role of each predictor in the diatom community. The small scale of the micro-watershed resulted in a small spatial gradient, reflecting in the low variation in community richness across sampling stations. However, temporal heterogeneity associated with fluctuating precipitation throughout the year may cause temporal variation in the relative abundance of species. This pattern is a result of the supply of resources that increases biodiversity over time, as it allows the coexistence of species that alternate between dominance and persistence. Thus, even on a small scale and during one year of sampling, we demonstrated that predictors of different natures act together to explain diatom communities in micro-watersheds.

Applying environmental fragility in studies evaluating watershed can guide policy decisions on monitoring and management regarding soil use planning, improving water quality for public supply. The objective of this study is to characterize the environmental fragility as well as to relate it to water quality factors of catchment rivers for public supply in western Paraná, Brazil, in order to evaluate the in uence of anthropic actions on catchment sources. Water quality data such as temperature (Temp; C), electrical conductivity (Ec; mS/cm −1 ), dissolved oxygen (DO; mg L −1 ), turbidity (Turb; NTU) and pH were measured on site by the multi-parameter probe HORIBA brand, model U-5000. Slope data were obtained from the site of the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Soil use and occupation was performed in the QGis software, with image obtained from the Sentinel 2A Satelite. Köppen-Geiger classi cation was used for the climate type. For the environmental fragility maps, the variables slope, climate, soil use and occupation were analyzed using the QGis raster software calculator. The intermediate fragility class predominates in the nine municipalities studied, making it necessary to manage them aimed at restoration and conservation, and the municipalities that are the largest areas of high fragility class are: Guaraniaçu, Catanduvas and Cascavel, demanding greater attention. The variation in fragility mainly responded to the pH, E. coli and DQO temperature values, which can be strongly associated with the difference in soil use and slope of the areas evaluated.

The search for renewable resources has become necessary for sustainable development. Wind energy is a clean energy source and of global importance, but most studies refer to high altitude and are carried out by researchers in developed countries. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the potential of micro and mini-generation (low heights) wind power in Cascavel-PR, a city located in southern Brazil, as an example of the application of the proposed methodology. For this purpose, wind speed and direction data were used, with a historical series of 21 years (1997-2017). The land use and occupation were performed in a semi-automatic way using Sentinel-2 satellite images. To generate the maps, an algorithm was created in Spring software, which correlated the land use and land cover information, the wind speed kriging and the formula coefficient values according to the identified obstacles. With this it was possible to conclude that regarding the period, spring is considered the season of the year with the greatest energy potential, where the highest averages for speed and power were estimated. It was also noted that the 40-meter-high range has the greatest potential and that the prevailing winds come from the northeast.

Resumo: O estudo climático, em específico a pluviometria, tem grande importância social visto que interfere diretamente no planejamento urbano e rural. Com o intuito de conhecer o comportamento da pluviosidade do município de Mamborê-PR, realizou-se um comparativo dos dados de precipitação diários do município com a música de Tom Jobim "Águas de Março", de forma literal, para analisar se o regime forte de chuvas do Verão realmente cessa com o início do Outono, e portanto concluir se as águas de março fecham o verão. Para tal análise, os dados pluviométricos diários do município de Mamborê foram obtidos pelo Instituto das Águas do Paraná no Sistema de Informações Hidrológicas-SIH e dispostos em planilha eletrônica para posteriormente utilizá-los no programa BioEstat 5.3, onde foram realizados testes estatísticos como o de Lilliefors e Mann-Whitney. Os testes foram aplicados com o objetivo de comparação dos índices de precipitação diária entre o verão e as demais estações e uma comparação entre a última quinzena do verão com a primeira quinzena do outono em uma série histórica de 34 anos . Com as analises realizadas, pôde-se comprovar que o sentido literal da música não se aplica ao município de Mamborê-PR, visto que estatisticamente o final do verão e o início do outono não houve diferença significativa dos índices pluviométricos. Palavras-chave:Mamborê, precipitação diária, sazonalidade, BioEstat. INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOSA precipitação pluviométrica é um fator climático de grande relevância visto que, o acompanhamento da sua mensuração e análise dos dados, fornece subsídio para previsões de ocorrências de enchentes ou estiagens, aspectos que podem ocasionar problemas sérios em abastecimentos de água para as cidades ou escassez de água para a produção agrícola. Neste sentido, a análise pluviométrica é um fator de alta relevância nos estudos para o planejamento urbano (ANDRADE&NERY, 2011).