Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta la utilización de heurísticas para apoyar al diseño de sistemas mecánicos, como una propuesta de metodología de diseño robusta. Se emplearon los algoritmos genéticos en el diseño, optimización y selección de vigas utilizando la metodología de diseño paramétrico, que ayuda a variar las dimensiones (parámetros) de las secciones transversales de las vigas de estudio, con el fin de optimizarlas para soportar cargas específicas sin fracturarse. Los resultados experimentales conllevan a que este tipo de implementaciones son de gran utilidad para resolver problemas de optimización numérica en el diseño y selección de vigas para diversas aplicaciones.Palabras clave: algoritmos genéticos, optimización, diseño paramétrico, selección de vigas.Abstract. In this paper, the use of heuristic techniques to support the design of mechanical systems is outlined as a proposal for a robust-design methodology. Genetic algorithms were used in the design, optimization, and beams selection for a series of applications using parametric-design methodology, which help vary the dimension or parameters of the studied beams cross sections, so that the area could be optimized applying a specific force without fracture the beam. The experimental results suggest that these types of implementations are of great help when solving numeric-optimization problems in the design of mechanical systems, as well as in the areas of beams enhancement and selection for specific applications, such as the presented case study.

An efficient cross-layer approach should provide schemes to avoid all the aforementioned sources of energy waste by promoting novel trade-offs between layers to enhance the wireless communication process and simultaneously extend the network lifetime. Taxonomy: cross-layer approaches for WBANsIn this section, the different studies are classified by the communication layers involved in each cross-layer strategy. This survey details how each approach works (as described by the authors in the original paper), its main problems and shortcomings that represent open issues for future research, and a critical analysis of the performance results as originally presented by the authors.

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