Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.15, n.2, p.450-458 abr./jun., 2014 http://www.rbspa.ufba.br ISSN 1519 9940 450Filés de tambacu submetidos a salga seca e salga úmida Tambacu submitted fillets dry salting and salting
O presente trabalho descreve os procedimentos de desenvolvimento e teste de um sistema de pesagem de grande capacidade para utilização em gravimetria como método padrão de calibração de sensores de umidade do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Irrigação e Drenagem, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais da Universidade Federal da Bahia, campus de Cruz das Almas (12º40'S, 39º30'W), BA. O princípio de funcionamento do sistema de pesagem baseia-se no seu componente principal, a célula de carga. Utilizou-se uma célula de carga do tipo flexão, de capacidade 60 kg e sensibilidade de 2 mV/V, quando submetida à carga máxima. A calibração foi realizada por meio de massas-padrão de 1, 5, 10 e 20 kg em sete ciclos de carregamento e descarregamento. O modelo de calibração encontrado foi do tipo linear (r² = 0,999) e os erros de repetibilidade, histerese e linearidade foram da ordem de 0,119, 0,068 e 0,009% do final de escala (FE), respectivamente. Os limites do erro de acurácia, que representa o desempenho geral do sistema, foram ±0,083% de FE. O sistema de pesagem foi considerado adequado, do ponto de vista de funcionalidade e desempenho, para calibração em condições controladas, de sensores de umidade do tipo sonda de capacitância, utilizando-se amostras indeformadas de solo. O custo final do sistema foi estimado em R$ 1.800,00 (US$ 766,00).
ResumoO presente trabalho relata um surto de mortalidade de tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) criados em tanques escavados da Fazenda-Escola da UCDB. Os peixes apresentaram sintomas clínicos de letargia, anorexia, aumento da produção de muco, nado desordenado e comportamento de buscar a superfície da água. Ao exame necroscópico de três peixes foram evidenciadas hemorragias nas nadadeiras e pele, opacidade de córnea, hemoperitôneo, distensão e repleção da vesícula biliar e congestão e hemorragia do tubo digestivo. O exame microbiológico dos materiais coletados das lesões dos tambacus foi positivo para a bactéria Edwardsiella tarda. A análise de qualidade de água indicou grande quantidade de fitoplânctons que proliferaram em função do excesso de matéria orgânica, caracterizando a eutrofização da água. Atribuiu-se a causa da morte dos tambacus à infecção oportunista pela E. tarda, favorecida pelo desequilíbrio devido ao excesso de matéria orgânica em suspensão na água. As mortes cessaram após a correção dos parâmetros da qualidade da água do tanque. Palavras-chave: Eutrofização. Infecção em peixes. Septicemia. Edwardsiella tarda. AbstractAn outbreak of mortality of tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultivated in dug tanks at UCDB was reported. Animals had clinical surface symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, increased mucus production, cluttering and swimming toward the water. Macroscopic examination of three fishes showed hemorrhages of the fins and skin, corneal opacity, hemoperitoneum, gallbladder distension and repletion, congestion and hemorrhages of the digestive tract. Water quality analysis indicated large amounts of phytoplankton that proliferated as a result of the excessive organic matter causing eutrophication of the water. The microbiological examination of tambacus lesions revealed the presence of the bacterium Edwardsiella tarda. The cause of the tambacus death was attributed to opportunistic infection by E. tarda, favored by the imbalance due to the intense organic matter in suspended in the water. Deaths stopped after the correction of the water quality parameters.
Mortalidade em pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ocasionada por Pantoea agglomerans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em tanque escavadoMortality in Pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) caused by Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Excavated Tank ABSTRACT Background: Fish production in Brazil is growing strongly. This growth is being mainly driven by mainland aquaculture, which in 2017 produced 691.700 tons of fish. To improve production levels, fish farms have become increasingly intensive, but in these systems, the high fish densities in the ponds, the high feeding rate, and the high organic matter levels in the water can lead the fish becoming stressed. This can cause bacterial proliferation and an increase in mortality. Most species of fish-causing bacteria are saprophytes. They are found naturally in the environment and are usually responsible for secondary or opportunistic infections. This study reports on an outbreak of Pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) mortality at an intensive fish farm, in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, that used excavated tanks. Cases: The outbreak occurred at a fish farm in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, during August, 2015. A total of 200 pacus in two tanks died after they showed the following symptoms: lethargy, anorexia, increased mucus production, and disordered swimming and water surface searching. The temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured using a digital thermometer and an oximeter, respectively, and water transparency was measured with a Secchi disc. The pH was measured using a portable digital potentiometer. The values for the water quality parameters analyzed during the mortality period were temperature, 22.5 o C; transparency, 20 cm; oxygen dissolved in the early morning 3 mg/L and at the end of the afternoon, 4.5 mg/L; pH 8.3; and toxic ammonia, 0.002 ppm. Five fishes were collected from the tank, immediately cooled to 4°C, and sent to the Microbiology and Pathology Laboratories to perform the microbiological and pathological laboratory procedures. After the replication process, the slow glucose fermentation characteristics in MacConkey Agar and other biochemical tests showed that the lactose non-fermenter bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fermenting bacterium was Pantoea agglomerans. A necroscopic examination revealed congestion of viscera in general and thickening of the gills; the histopathological examination showed an intense inflammatory reaction in the gills; and the liver showed congestion and dilation of the central, hepatoportal, and sinusoidal veins, marked cytoplasmic vacuolization, the presence of hemosiderin and leukocytosis, and coagulation necrosis and cholestasis foci. Discussion: The water temperature in the tanks (22.5°C) was lower than what is considered ideal for tropical fish. It ranged from 25 to 32°C. Furthermore, the pH (8.3) was close to the limit of what is considered appropriate. The mean tank flow rate at the time of death was 15 L/min, corresponding to a daily renewal rate of 1.2%, which was lower than the ...
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