O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a potencial transmissão de risco de crédito entre o comércio e a indústria na cadeia brasileira de calçados de couro. Para tal utilizaram-se as médias mensais da probabilidade de inadimplência de empresas do período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2013. Análises de séries temporais, testes de raiz unitária de Dickey Fuller Aumentado (ADF) e de Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt e Shin (KPSS), teste de cointegração de Johansen, modelo vetorial de correção de erros (VECM), causalidade de Granger, decomposição de erros da variância e função de resposta de impulso foram utilizados. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma transmissão unidirecional do risco – da indústria para o comércio, bem como seu equilíbrio de longo prazo, confirmando a relevância da análise do risco de crédito das empresas em um contexto ampliado e que inclua os demais elos das cadeias de suprimentos.

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The competitive scenario for companies has been changing over time, by increasing competitiveness in terms of cost, quality, reliability, agility and, more recently, environmental issues. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability competitiveness of companies in the pharmaceutical sector by applying a model that relates the adoption of lean manufacturing practices and practices in environmental management in production processes. The model grouped the companies into clusters, distributing them in quadrants according to the quantity of produced waste and residues in their manufacturing processes. It was applied to a sample of 32 pharmaceutical processing industries in Brazil, in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. The work is classified as applied, exploratory and qualitative and the survey method was used in order to collect data. The results show that most of the companies surveyed (53.13%) adopt practices for waste and residues reduction in their manufacturing processes, promoting to these companies a competitive differential in reliability of delivery, flexibility, quality and cost of their products. Thus, this research contributes to the pharmaceutical companies, giving them a better understanding of their competitive state in sustainability, from the adoption of practices in lean manufacturing and environmental management in their manufacturing processes.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the possible correlation between quality tools and innovation generation in companies nowadays, with particular interest in the financial sector, governed by strong regulation. Quality Management is one of the main axes of modern management, a movement that had its peak in the '80s and '90s. Due to the high competitiveness of markets and the increasing use of technologies in the development of new businesses and products, innovation and quality have become concerns of the organizations that aim to obtain a sustainable competitive edge. In this way, a bibliographic review allied to the case study was conducted in the retail banking industry, followed by comparative analysis in order to deepen the interpretation of the collected variables. As a conclusion, there is a convergence towards a positive correlation between quality tools and innovation processes underpinning the discussion the measurement of competitive advantage from the perspective of quality and innovation in the banking industry.

The reduction of waste in manufacturing processes and the productivity gain have been researched by several authors as economic competitive advantages for companies. More recently, environmental and social concerns have also been included in these studies. In this broad context, which additionally involves economic, environmental and social aspects, are the cooperatives of waste pickers (CMRs), which need to be placed on the same level where companies with productive and competitive profiles are located. Thus, the research presented in this article seeks to contribute to the advancement of this debate, considering the existence of gaps in the literature that address productivity studies in the production activities of recyclable materials sorting cooperatives. Therefore, the objectives of this study are directed to the questions that involve productivity (kg/cooperated) in the operation of screening materials, measuring the waste that occurs and which proposals for improvements can be implemented to increase productivity. This research is limited to a cooperative of collectors that adopts the sorting belt in its process. The methodology adopted is a case study, of applied nature (generating knowledge with practical application), quantitative and with exploratory data analysis. The results show that there are losses of production/waste of time of the (co-operated) operators, which could be reversed in aggregated value and, consequently, in increased productivity of the cooperative's business system in the sorting operation. I.