No abstract

Humans are unable to synthesize linoleic acid (LA) (18: 2ω‐6) and α‐linolenic acid (LNA) (18: 3ω‐3). Most formulas provide ample LA, yet infants are at risk for ω‐3 deficiency unless they are fed human milk. Neonates born at 30 weeks received human milk or were randomized to three formulas: formula A, based on corn oil, similar to old commercial formula; formula B, based on soy oil supplied LNA; or formula C, a product similar to B with added marine oil to provide docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 ω‐3). The fatty acids of plasma and red blood cells had marked diet‐induced differences. The rod photoreceptor tests demonstrated higher threshold and decreased sensitivity in the ω‐3‐deficient infants. Visual acuity also showed improved function of the brain cortex in the human milk and group C infants at follow‐up at 57 weeks. These results suggest that ω‐3 fatty acids are needed for optimal development of visual function.