The experiments on consumption, locomotion, and learning suggest that exposure to ethanol influences behavior of honey bees similar to that observed in experiments with analogous vertebrates. The honey bee model presents unique research opportunities regarding the influence of ethanol in the areas of language, social interaction, development, and learning. Although the behavioral results are interesting, similarity between the physiologic effects of ethanol on honey bees and vertebrates has not yet been determined.

The experiments on consumption, locomotion, and learning suggest that exposure to ethanol influences behavior of honey bees similar to that observed in experiments with analogous vertebrates. The honey bee model presents unique research opportunities regarding the influence of ethanol in the areas of language, social interaction, development, and learning. Although the behavioral results are interesting, similarity between the physiologic effects of ethanol on honey bees and vertebrates has not yet been determined.

The immunocytochemical procedure for cyclic GMP (cGMP) localization has been modified by the development of: 1) an anti-cGMP antibody depleted control serum and 2) a tissue preadsorption procedure that greatly reduces nonspecific fluorescence. cGMP remaining associated with tissue sections following prolonged exposure to aqueous buffer was determined, by extraction and measurement by radioimmunoassay, to be approximately 38% of the initial cGMP content. Application of this improved information about histological distribution ofcGMP is already known from previous microdissection studies (9,10). immunohistochemical procedure to goldfish retinas reveals the highest concentrations of cGMP to be associated with the cone inner segments and nuclei of the photoreceptors. This retinal distribution of cGMP is in good agreement with that independently determined by microdissection studies. The validity of this procedure is therefore strengthened and cautions to its application and interpretation are outlined.

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