t is estimated that up to 80% of patients with low back pain have no diagnosed pathology for their pain (33). Nonpathological causes of pain include possible biomechanical factors such as disturbed stress patterns at the sacroiliac joint and lumbar spine. O n e asymmetry that is commonly thought to be associated with disturbed stress patterns is unequal innominate bone inclination in the sagittal plane (7,10,11,16,28), often described as a pelvic asymmetry. Pelvic symmetry is often evaluated as part of the examination for postural deviations and leg length discrepancies (3,8,11,16,28). T h e credibility of postural assessments has been hampered by the fact that many clinical tests/measures for assessing pelvic asymmetry have been shown to lack precision, o r the methods are unreliable (19,29). Given these facts, an instrument and method that yields precise and reliable measures of innominate bone inclination would enhance credibility for physical therapists as they evaluate and treat problems involving pelvic tilt angle o r asymmetrical innominate bone inclination. Such a method would yield a determination of pelvic asymmetry by comparing measures of inclination of both innominate bones. Determination of innominate bone inclination in standing is frequently assessed in postural analysis of subjects. Currently, no goniometer for objective assessment of innominate bone inclination in standing is commercially available. The purpose of this study was to determine the intratester and intertester reliability and validity of measures taken with a pelvic inclinometer. The intraclass correlation coefficient (KC) for repeated measures of the pelvic inclinometer fixed to a mechanical model was 0.99. The intertester reliability of using the hand-held pelvic inclinometer to determine inclination on a mechanical model was ICC

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CLBP patients undergoing an 8-week intensive exercise approach incorporating both behavioral and physical conditioning principles showed both significant and clinically significant improvements in this observational case series. Long-term benefits were also seen in both the 6 and 12 month follow-up questionnaires although further investigation is warranted due to limited survey return rate and study design.

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a possible source of low back pain or dysfunction. Various methods of visually assessing the relative position of the innominate to the sacrum have been used to evaluate SIJ dysfunction. The purpose of this special communication is to describe how a false-positive interpretation of innominate rotation may occur when a leg-length difference exists and visual assessment is used.