Historically, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) was poorly defined, which meant that scientists and clinicians faced much uncertainty in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of the syndrome. The problem could be attributed to a nonspecific diagnostic criteria, unknown pathophysiologic causes, and limited treatment options. The two forms of CRPS still are painful, debilitating disorders whose sufferers carry heavy emotional burdens. Current research has shown that CRPS I and CRPS II are distinctive processes, and the presence or absence of a partial nerve lesion distinguishes them apart. Ketamine has been the focus of various studies involving the treatment of CRPS; however, currently, there is incomplete data from evidence-based studies. The question as to why ketamine is effective in controlling the symptoms of a subset of patients with CRPS and not others remains to be answered. A possible explanation to this phenomenon is pharmacogenetic differences that may exist in different patient populations. This review summarizes important translational work recently published on the treatment of CRPS using ketamine.

The patient had an uneventful recovery. Manipulation of the auger should be performed in a linear motion as best as possible and under fluoroscopic guidance.

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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by pain that is out of proportion to the injury and is regional in distribution (1). It is primarily caused by peripheral trauma although approximately 10% occurs from lesions in central pain pathways. A large body of literature now exists both from animal models and clinical experience (2-7) supporting a dynamic change in the physiology and structure of central pain projecting

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