Internal waves of large amplitude were observed north of Sumatra by the U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey ship Pioneer in June 1964. The bathythermograph investigation which defined these waves was initiated after observation of curious periodic surface phenomena resembling tide rips. Analysis of bathythermograph records indicates that internal waves with a maximum observed wave height of 82 meters are the probable cause of the surface disturbances.

The preventive and cautionary measures taken by the UAE and Abu Dhabi governments to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and promote social distancing have led to a reduction of mobility and a modification of economic and social activities. This paper provides statistical analysis of the air quality data monitored by the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) during the first 10 months of 2020, comparing the different stages of the preventive measures. Ground monitoring data is compared with satellite images and mobility indicators. The study shows a drastic decrease during lockdown in the concentration of the gaseous pollutants analysed (NO2, SO2, CO, and C6H6) that aligns with the results reported in other international cities and metropolitan areas. However, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) averaged concentrations followed a markedly different trend from the gaseous pollutants, indicating a larger influence from natural events (sand and dust storms) and other anthropogenic sources. The ozone (O3) levels increased during the lockdown, showing the complexity of O3 formation. The end of lockdown led to an increase of the mobility and the air pollution; however, air pollutant concentrations remained in lower levels than during the same period of 2019. The results in this study show the large impact of human activities on the quality of air and present an opportunity for policymakers and decision-makers to design stimulus packages to overcome the economic slow-down, with strategies to accelerate the transition to resilient, low-emission economies and societies more connected to the nature that protect human health and the environment.

The influence of a number of commercial nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactants on the foliar penetration and movement of two systemic fungicides, ethirimol and diclobutrazol, was studied in outdoor‐grown wheat plants at different growth stages and post‐treatment temperatures in two consecutive growing seasons. Both fungicides were applied as ca 0·2 μl droplets of aqueous suspension formulations containing 0·5 g litre−1 of 14C‐labelled active ingredient; surfactants were added to these suspensions at concentrations ranging from 0·2‐10 g litre−1. To achieve optimum uptake of each fungicide the use of surfactants with different physicochemical properties was required. For diclobutrazol, a lipophilic compound, uptake of radiolabel was best with surfactants of low mean molar ethylene oxide (E) content (5‐6) but it was necessary to use concentrations of ca 5 g litre−1 to attain this. The surfactant threshold concentration for uptake enhancement of radiolabel from ethirimol formulations (< 2 g litre−1) was much lower than that for diclobutrazol but surfactants with E contents > 10 induced the greatest amount of uptake. For both fungicides, surfactants with an aliphatic alcohol hydrophobe were generally more efficient in promoting their uptake than those with a nonylphenol moiety. The sorbitan‐based surfactant ‘Tween 20’ proved to be an effective adjuvant only for the ethirimol formulation; the uptake enhancing properties of the block copolymer ‘Synperonic PE/F68’ were weak. Uptake performance could not be related to the spreading properties of the respective formulations on the wheat leaf surface or to differences in solubilisation of the two fungicides by the surfactants. Although surfactants could substantially increase the amount of acropetal transport of radiolabel from both fungicides, none of those tested specifically promoted it; a constant proportion of the radioactive dose absorbed by a treated leaf was usually exported away from the site of application. The results are discussed in the light of current theories about the mode of action of surfactants as spray adjuvants.

The physiologic consequences of hyperpyrexia attracted considerable interest when artificiallyinduced fever was a popular therapeutic maneuver (1-10). Although induced hyperpyrexia has lapsed from therapeutic favor, the effects of body temperature elevation in response to infection, environmental factors, or pyrogenic drugs remain a source of concern, especially in patients with cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction.Prior investigations have indicated that fever, whether induced by external heating or pyrogen injection, is accompanied by significant cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic alterations in both animals and man (1-4, 10, 11). However, data concerning respiratory gas exchange, pulmonary hemodynamics, and arterial blood gas composition in hyperpyrexia are rather fragmentary and inconclusive (7)(8)(9)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).The purpose of this study was to evaluate simultaneously the changes in body temperature, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, respiratory gas exchange, and arterial blood gas composition that occur in normal subjects after the intravenous injection of a pyrogenic lipopolysaccharide extract of gram-negative bacilli. Since prior studies in man have not included cardiac catheterization and detailed measurement of respiratory function, it was felt that an investigation using the techniques now available would shed further light upon the cardiopulmonary consequences of the pyrogenic reaction in man. MATERIALS AND METHODSTen male subj ects ranging from 33 to 74 years of age (mean 45.6) were studied. All were free of cardiac and pulmonary disease by clinical and routine laboratory criteria. All subjects were studied in the morning after *Aided by grants H-3114 and H-6236 from the Na-

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