Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) is a plant that grows in tropical areas and was previously known as an ornamental plant, but was later used as a medicinal plant. The use of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) is traditionally beneficial in curing diseases such as thrush and toothache. Meanwhile, red betel leaf decoction, which is antiseptic, can act as a mouthwash, prevent bad breath and eliminate body odor. From chromatography, it is known that red betel leaves contain flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, tannins, and essential oils. In the use of red betel leaves, it is widely used to get rid of body odor, vaginal discharge, ulcer, fatigue, muscle aches, and to smoothen the skin, as well as for itchy, red eye cleansers, and canker sore. Red betel leaves decoction is also believed to be able to eliminate bad breath in the mouth if used as a mouthwash.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, fraksi heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air daun kapulaga (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton). Simplisia daun kapulaga diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70 %, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi berdasarkan tingkat kepolaran dengan pelarut heksan, etil asetat dan air. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan asam galat sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi air daun kapulaga mengandung senyawa fenol, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin, untuk fraksi etil asetat mengandung fenol, flavonoid dan tanin, untuk fraksi heksan didapatkan hasil yang negatif pada semua senyawa yang diuji. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, fraksi heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air daun kapulaga dengan IC50 berturut-turut 4058,7 μg/mL, 8419,3 μg/mL, 2281,7 μg/mL and 3889,6 μg/mL, sedangkan IC50 asam galat 4,89 μg/mL. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol, fraksi heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air dari daun kapulaga memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah jika dibandingkan dengan asam galat yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat

Penelitian tentang uji fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol daun kemangi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) telah dilakukan. Simplisia daun kemangi dimaserasi dengan metanol 98 % diperoleh ekstrak sebesar 45,5479 g dengan rendemen 22,77 %. Ekstrak metanol daun kemangi megandung senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Ekstrak diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan menurunnya absorban DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak metanol daun kemangi dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH untuk penentuan IC50. Dari pengujian dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 1370,92 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah

The rind of dragon fruit (Hylocereus lemairel (Hook.) Britton & Rose) is a waste material that has not been optimally utilized. The rind contains betacyanin pigment that has many benefits in pharmaceutical products. The study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties, to evaluate the stability and to apply betacyanin in dragon fruit rind as a natural dye. The extraction process was done by using water as solvent which was sonicated at 50 kHz for 30 minutes at 25 °C. Extract was freeze dried for 48 hours. The dried extract was purified by using preparative TLC and physicochemically analyzed by using UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer. The stability of betacyanin extract against pH and temperature was examined and applied as a dye in tablet imprinting. The result of this study indicated that betacyanin was found at Rf value of 0.6 same as the betacyanin standard. The maximum wavelength of betacyanin was obtained at 534 nm and the IR spectra showed similarity with betacyanin standard with the same functional groups between 4000-600 cm-1 although there was a slight shift in the wavenumber but it still in the range. The stability study were stable at temperature below 40 °C and at range pH 4-6. Betacyanin applications as natural dye of tablet have been successfully carried out with good color stability during 3 months of storage at room temperature.