Problem-based learning is learning by presenting contextual problems. Mechanical Engineering Subjects to support the competence and competitiveness of students majoring in Mechanical Engineering at Vocational High School. The purpose of the research is to describe the results of the application of problem-based learning in order to improve students' critical thinking skills and improve problem solving skills in mechanical engineering subjects.This research is classroom action research. The subject of this study involved students of class XI of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program at SMK Negeri 3 Bojonegoro, 32 people, in the 2021/2022 academic year. This critical thinking skill uses indicators developed by Ennis.The results of cycle 3 for good criteria are 44% and very good are 28%. The number of percentages in solving problems is 72%. The results in cycle 3 for good criteria are 44% and very good are 31%. Total percentage for critical thinking ability is 75%. This shows that both of these things have exceeded the minimum percentage set at 70%, or in other wordsThe problem-based learning process can develop students' critical thinking skills in mechanical engineering subjects in SMK.The results of the research above can be said that there is a relationship between the problem-based learning process on students' critical thinking.

Teaching aids are very important in the teaching and facilitating process as it can help to enhance and improve the students' understanding to a much deeper and realistic level. The purpose of this study is to develop a basic electrical circuit kit as one of the teaching aids, which aimed at helping to enhance and improve the understanding of students and teachers when teaching and facilitating process is implemented especially for electrical subtopics under the Design and Technology subjects. The researcher had opted to use the Waterfall model as the basis of product development in which comprises several steps such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation. The implication of this research development is that it can help to produce teaching aids which further enhance the student understanding thus improved the student achievement in relation to basic electrical circuits.

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Exploring the current status of sustainable development ability of single-parent families in Ningxia Polytechnic, and proposing corresponding educational countermeasures and methods. Taking the purposeful sampling method, 10 key personnel including counselors, professional teachers, and 15 single-parent students were selected for personal in-depth interviews, and the teaching process of 3 professional training courses was observed. Most students showed poor sustainability and differences in the sustainability of individual single-parent families. Exploring the effective ways and means of school for sustainable development education for single-parent families has become an important task for every educator.

This paper summarizes the concept of employability at domestic and foreign, and outline the definition of employability structure at domestic and foreign, summarize the concept of employability and employability structure of vocational students.