BackgroundThe presence of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) is crucial in childbirth to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and to achieve the maternal mortality target of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to childbirths attended by SBAs in Bangladesh.MethodsData from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2014 BDHS) were analyzed. Logistic regression was applied to calculate crude odds ratios (CORs), adjusted odds ratios (AORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values.ResultsIn Bangladesh, 35.9% of deliveries were attended by SBAs, and 44.2% of those women received at least one antenatal check-up by a skilled provider. The deliveries by SBAs were less than 50% of the total deliveries in all divisions, excluding Khulna. Known pregnancy complications (AOR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4), higher level of education in both women (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3) and their husbands (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.4), receiving antenatal care (ANC) by a skilled provider during the pregnancy period (AOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1), and higher wealth quintiles (AOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.5–4.7) were all significantly associated with an increased likelihood of a delivery by SBAs (p <0.05). In contrast, women living in rural areas (AOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.8) and the Sylhet Division (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.5) were less likely to be delivered by SBAs.ConclusionsTo achieve the target of the Government of Bangladesh - 50% of deliveries to be attended by SBAs - it is important to increase ANC services and awareness programs in all seven divisions of Bangladesh. Special focus in rural areas is also required to meet this target. A new study should be conducted to explore the unexamined factors associated with the presence of SBAs during childbirth.

Background:Contraceptive prevalence rate is low in Bangladesh. It needs to increase contraceptive prevalence rate in order to achieve the health related targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing pregnancy and pregnancy related outcomes. Aim of this study is to observe the factors which affect contraceptive use among Bangladeshi women. The hypothesis is that contextual factors along with individual and fertility related factors contribute to the use of contraceptives. December, 2014. 18,245 ever-married women were identified and 17,863 were interviewed. Finally, 12,042 women were eligible for analysis after excluding pregnant women, women who were not married, with hysterectomy, postpartum amenorrheic, infertile or subfecund and sexually inactive. Main outcome measure was current use of contraception by married non-pregnant women. Results: Contraceptive prevalence rate was 81.27%. Logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value. Contraceptive use was affected by contextual factors along with individual and fertility related factors. Visits by a family planning worker (FPW) within the previous six months had the biggest impact on contraceptive use (the adjusted OR, 2.06; 95% CI, p<0.001). Education level (adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, p<0.05 in the group with higher education) and number of children who are alive were also positively associated with contraceptive use (p<0.001). Contraceptive use was lower among Muslims (adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, p<0.001), desire for a son (adjusted OR, 0.69; 95% CI, p<0.001), living in rural area (adjusted OR of rural vs. urban, 0.7; 95% CI, p<0.001) and Sylhet Division (adjusted OR of Sylhet vs. Barisal, 0.54; 95% CI, p<0.001). Conclusion: Providing service through FPW, increasing the education level of women, intervention in rural areas and in Sylhet division, targeting Muslim population and women with higher age could increase the use of contraceptives among Bangladeshi women. Materials and Methods: Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) of 2014 is the seventh DHS undertaken from June to

BackgroundTotal fertility rate (TFR) is high and at a static level for the last two decades in Bangladesh. Reduction of fertility by increasing contraceptives use could reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. To achieve the targeted contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) of Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Initiative, it is important to increase CPR in all regions of the country. However, it is lower in Sylhet Division compared to other divisions in Bangladesh. This study looked into the methods, source and determinants of contraceptives use in this division.MethodsData from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 (BDHS 2014) were analyzed. After reporting the sources of obtaining contraceptives and choice of methods, distributions of contraceptives use were reported by selected characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios.ResultsA total of 599 women were analyzed. CPR was lower in rural areas compared to urban areas, 45.4% and 58.5%, respectively. The majority of the women received services from governmental sectors. The birth control pill was the most common contraceptive method. The proportion of women using long-acting permanent methods was low (<10%) in both urban and rural areas.In the multivariate analyses, number of alive children (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of ≥5 children: 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–2.2), presence of a male child (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), higher education level of the husband (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), receiving a visit from a family planning worker (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6–3.4) and membership in a non-governmental organization (AOR:1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8) were positively associated with contraceptives use in Sylhet after controlling for age, education level and other contextual factors. Conversely, rural women had the lower likelihood of using contraceptives (AOR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8) than urban women. Women’s education level and religion were not statistically significant.ConclusionsA comprehensive strategy is required for this division to address multiple factors which simultaneously influence contraceptives use. In addition to more awareness programs to increase contraceptives use, providing contraceptive distribution services through family planning workers, involving women with non-governmental organizations and prioritizing rural areas could increase contraceptives use in Sylhet Division.

What is already known on this topic?Sleep problems are associated with depression; however, little is known about this association among young women in the United States. What is added by this report?Women aged 20 to 30 who reported having trouble sleeping were 4.1 times significantly more likely to have experienced depression in the previous 2 weeks after accounting for several covariates.What are the implications for public health practice?Regular screening and treatment of sleep disturbances are needed among US women aged 20 to 30 to reduce the prevalence of depression among this population.

Research partnerships between universities and communities following the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) have the potential to eliminate cycles of health disparities. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of establishing a community-campus network with a distinct mission and vision of developing trusting and successful research partnerships that are sustained and effective. In 2019, Morgan CARES was established to facilitate community engagement by founding a community center “within” a low-income residential neighborhood as a safe and accessible hub for creating a vibrant learning community. A community needs assessment and asset mapping was conducted and several necessary resources and services were provided to maximize networking opportunities, nurture innovative ideas and proposals, and provide seed funding. Lessons learned informed the optimization of a theoretical model that has guided the development and implementation of the program’s key components. By December 2021, Morgan CARES had recruited 222 community and 137 academic members representing diverse expertise from across Baltimore City. We also successfully established new partnerships and funded a total of 17 small community-academic awards. Although in its early stages, Morgan CARES has established a dynamic learning community following a conceptual framework that could guide future similar initiatives.