<p>The importance of native Mexican varieties in agricultural food production is analyzed, discussed and reflected upon, particularly regarding emergency situations such as the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The main example used is the tomato, <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>, comparatively with commercial varieties. Evidence is provided of the higher tolerance of native varieties to pests and diseases. When grafted onto commercial varieties, they maintained their tolerance, but also increased their yield. Before and perhaps during the pandemic, native tomato varieties have been an important food source for several marginalized communities in Mexico. The analysis suggests that the agricultural food production based on native varieties may help solve problems in the supply chain of imported agricultural inputs, while also solving the dependency on agrochemicals, fertilizers and commercial varieties, and promoting family-produced foods. A lower dependence on industrialized inputs would contribute towards self-sufficiency and food sovereignty, with nutritious and innocuous foods. In times of a pandemic, the family production model in marginalized rural settings would help reduce the mobility of people and the risk of contagion, increase food security and reduce SARS-CoV-2 risk factors due to the incidence of chronic diseases, particularly metabolic diseases.</p>
Se analiza y discute el uso de feromonas sexuales (FrSx) de insectos y su potencial para integrarse con hongos entomopatógenos (HEP´s) en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP). El paradigma en la aplicación de entomopatógenos es mediante la técnica de aspersión, no obstante señalada como la menos eficiente. Una alternativa es la técnica de autodiseminación, fundamentada en la transmisión del entomopatógeno de individuos infectados a sanos. Las FrSx se utilizan en el MIP para monitorear plagas y racionalizar las aplicaciones de insecticidas. Estas sustancias pueden integrarse con HEP´s para potenciar la transmisión horizontal en insectos y propiciar epizootias en sus poblaciones. Diversos estudios documentan el potencial de la técnica de autodiseminación, y en México existen estudios pioneros en plagas urbanas y agrícolas, pero solo con el gusano cogollero se ha integrado la feromona sexual. Diversos aislamientosm mexicanos de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae, fueron patogénicos contra adultos de Spodoptera frugiperda (100 %). Su corto tiempo de germinación (TG50 14.14 h) y su respuesta con baja humedad (62 %), sugieren alto potencial del uso de HEP´s mediante autodiseminación integrando trampas de feromona sexual del insecto. Las experiencias mundiales y mexicanas, sugieren alto potencial del uso de las FrSx integradas con HEP´s.
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