AbstrakRhizopora mucronata merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Daun tanaman ini mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, fenolat, klorofil, karotenoid dan alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun R. mucronata. Sampel diambil dari kawasan mangrove Tugurejo, Semarang dan diekstraksi secara bertingkat berturut-turut dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) dan nilainya ditentukan berdasarkan nilai Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) pada panjang gelombang 516,5 nm. Kadar senyawa fenolat total ditentukan secara spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 725 nm dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, kadar klorofil a dan b ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 663 nm dan 645 nm dan kadar karotenoid diukur pada 480 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai IC50 terkecil (113,41 ppm), diikuti ekstrak n-heksana 151,13 ppm dan ekstrak etil asetat 184,78 ppm. Kandungan total fenolat tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak metanol yaitu 21,06 mg GAE/g sampel, ekstrak n-heksana 13,27 mg GAE/g sampel dan ekstrak etil asetat 2,08 mg GAE/g sampel. Kandungan klorofil a tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak metanol yaitu 2,304 mg/g, diikuti ekstrak n-heksana 0,705 mg/g dan ekstrak etil asetat 0,64 mg/g. Kandungan klorofil b tertinggi dicapai ekstrak metanol yaitu 0,97 mg/g, ekstrak n-heksana 0,50 mgg dan ekstrak etil asetat 0,13 mg/g. Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi dicapai pada ekstrak metanol yaitu 6,49 mg GAE/g, diikuti ekstrak etil asetat (0.54 mg GAE/g) dan ekstrak n-heksana (1,37 mg GAE/g). Ekstrak metanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dan termasuk dalam antioksidan kategori sedang, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan nheksana termasuk dalam antioksidan kategori lemah. (IC50) Kata kunci: Rhizopora mucronata, Antioksidan, DPPH Abstract Rhizopora mucronata is one type of mangrove that has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The leaves of this plant contain secondary metabolite compounds such as tannins, phenolics, chlorophyll, carotenoids and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of R. mucronata leaf extract. Samples were taken from Tugurejo mangrove area, Semarang and extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) method and its value was determined based on Inhibitory Concentration
Seaweed has ecological benefits as well as economic value. Waters condition of Awur Bay and Krakal Beach supported this plant’s growth. There’s not yet the latest information about the vegetation. Utilization is still limited on some specieses. Tourist and inhabitant’s activities who take this plant would give impact to this plant’s vegetation. Therefore, it’s necessary to have data collecting, monitoring, and controlling at both of location. This research was aim to inventarisasi of seaweed for morphologic and anatomic characteristics at both of location. The research of method is explorative descriptive. The results showed that the amount of seaweed which was found at Awur Bay based on the morphology characteristics consist of two divisions was Chlorophyta (3 species) and Phaeophyta (5 species). Beside that, the amount of seaweed which was found at Krakal Beach based on the morphology characteristics consist of three divisons was Chlorophyta (4 species), Phaeophyta (2 species) and Rhodophyta (11 species). Three types of cell (anatomy) i.e. epidermis, kortex and medulla. The results of seaweed which found at Krakal Beach are density, frequency, cover percentage, important value index, and ecology index was taller than Awur Bay. Key words : Community Structure, Seaweed, Awur Bay, Krakal Beach Rumput laut bermanfaat secara ekologis maupun ekonomis. Kondisi perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara dan Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta mendukung tumbuhan ini dapat tumbuh. Pemanfaatannya masih terbatas pada jenis tertentu. Aktivitas wisatawan dan penduduk sekitar yang mengambil tumbuhan ini akan berpengaruh sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang struktur komunitas di kedua lokasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas, inventarisasi jenis baik secara morfologi dan anatomi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah jenis rumput laut yang ditemukan di Teluk Awur terdiri dari dua divisi yaitu Chlorophyta (3 jenis) dan Phaeophyta (5 jenis). Jumlah jenis yang ditemukan di Pantai Krakal terdiri dari tiga divisi yaitu Chlorophyta (4 jenis), Phaeophyta (2 jenis) dan Rhodophyta (11 jenis). Tiga jenis sel penyusun thallus yaitu sel epidermis, korteks dan medulla. Struktur komunitas yang ditemukan di Pantai Krakal meliputi kepadatan, frekuensi, persentase penutupan, indeks nilai penting, dan indeks ekologi lebih tinggi daripada di Teluk Awur. Kata Kunci : Struktur Komunitas, Rumput Laut, Teluk Awur, Pantai Krakal
Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat atau mencegah reaksi oksidasi. Antioksidan sintetik kurang aman bagi kesehatan karena bersifat karsinogen, sehingga diperlukan sumber antioksidan alami seperti Padina sp. yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti fenolat, klorofil a, karotenoid dan β-karoten. Padina sp. diambil dari Perairan Bandengan Jepara dan dikeringkan dengan Solar Tunnel Dryer (STD) selama 3 hari. Sampel dimaserasi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol lalu diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) sebagai radikal bebas. Nilai IC50digunakan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan pada sampel yang diinkubasi selama 30 menit dan diukur nilai absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang 514 nm. Kandungan total fenolat diuji menggunakan larutan Folin-Ciocalteu dengan asam galat sebagai standar yang diukur pada panjang gelombang 725 nm. Kandungan klorofil a diukur pada panjang gelombang 663 nm dan 645 nm sedangkan karotenoid diukur pada panjang gelombang 480 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 terbaik dicapai ekstrak etil asetat yaitu 137,02 ppm, diikuti ekstrak n-heksana 1234,41 ppm dan ekstrak metanol 1554,45 ppm. Kandungan total fenolat tertinggi dicapai pada ekstrak etil asetat yaitu 12,09 mg GAE/g sampel, diikuti ekstrak n-heksana 9,32 mg GAE/g sampel dan ekstrak metanol 0,22 mg GAE/g sampel. Kandungan klorofil a tertinggi dicapai ekstrak etil asetat yaitu 2,67 mg/g sampel , diikuti ekstrak metanol 0,39 mg/g sampel dan ekstrak n-heksana 0,30 mg /g sampel. sampel). Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi dicapai ekstrak etil asetat yaitu 5,37 µ mol/g sampel, diikuti ekstrak n-heksana 1,85 µ mol/g sampel dan ekstrak metanol 0,53 µ mol/g sampel. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori sedang dan ekstrak metanol serta n-heksana memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori sangat lemah.
Type of Solvent Methanol And N-Hexane Against Antioxidant Activity Seaweed Extract Gelidium sp.From Drini Beach Gunungkidul -Yogyakarta Gelidium sp. the one of red seaweed which has potential as natural antioxidant. The researh was to know the activity of methanol extract, n-hexane Gelidium sp., and determined total phenolic compound of pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid). Decriptive explorative method was used in this research and it was taken from Drini Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Maseration to this sample was done by methanol as solvent, evaporated by rotary evaporator and partitied by n-hexane solvent with separatory funnel. Antioxidant activity was determined by transfer electron method using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) as free radicals. Total phenolic compound being tested using Folin-Ciocalteu solution with gallic acid as standard and measured at a wavelength of 725 nm, while the chlorophylls were spectrophotometry method and measured at a wavelength of 663 nm and 646 nm as well as carotenoids were measured at a wavelength of 470 nm. The results showed that IC50 value of methanol extract was 340,10 ppm and n-hexane was 66,25 ppm. IC50 value of methanol extract was categorized as very weak in antioxidant activity, while n-heksan extract was categorized as strong. Total phenolic content in each extract were 46,55 and 135,62 (mg GAE/g extract), chlorophyll a 8,47 and 10,88 (mg/g extract sample) and carotenoids 50,38 and 84,27 (μmol/g extract sample). Keywords: Gelidium sp., Antioxidant, DPPH AbstrakGelidium sp. merupakan salah satu rumput laut merah yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol dan n-heksan Gelidium sp. (segar), menentukan kadar total fenolat dan pigmen (klorofil a dan karotenoid). Metode deskriptif eksploratif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan diperoleh diambil dari Pantai Drini, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta dibersihkan dengan air tawar, dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol, diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksan menggunakan corong pemisah (separatory funnel). Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode transfer elektron menggunakan DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) sebagai radikal bebas. Kadar total fenolat diuji dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan asam galat sebagai larutan standar dan diukur pada panjang gelombang 725 nm. Kadar klorofil a diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 663 nm dan 646 nm sedangkan kadar karotenoid diukur pada panjang gelombang 470 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol sebesar 340,10 ppm dan ekstrak n-heksan 66,25 ppm. Nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol termasuk kategori aktivitas antioksidan sangat lemah sedangkan n-heksana termasuk kategori kuat. Kadar total fenolat pada masing-masing ekstrak 46,55 dan 135,62 (mg GAE/g ekstrak), kadar klorofil a sebesar 8,47 dan 10,88 (mg/g sampel) dan kadar karotenoid sebesar 50,38 dan 84,27 (µ mol/g sampel).
Highlight ResearchAntimicrobial potential against the test microbesRhizhopora mucronata isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, and 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis,Acanthus ilicifolius isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found 4 isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes.The symbiont microbes taken from Rhizophora mucronata and Acanthus ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus AbstractAntimicrobial property of mangrove symbiont have the ability to fight Multi Drug Resistant bacteria which were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio haryeyi. This study aimed to determine the potential of symbiont microbes from the root of Rhizopora mucronata and Acanthus iilicifolius as antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic microbes. This research was conducted during July to November 2020. The MDR bacteria were S. aureus, E. coli, and V. harveyi MDR test microbes. The symbiont microbes were identified through molecular analyses (PCR 16S rDNA). Isolation of symbiont microbes from R. mucronata resulted in 16 isolates, while isolation from A. iilicifolius resulted in 14 isolates. Based on the antimicrobial qualitative test against S. aureus, 8 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata were found to show antimicrobial properties. The testing of A. ilicifolius symbiont microbes against S. aureus showed 8 out of 14 isolates with antimicrobial properties. The test against E. coli resulted in 2 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata and 5 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The test against V. harveyi resulted in two out of 16 microbial isolates from R.mucronata and 4 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The quantitative test found 2 isolates from R. mucronta, namely isolates RM10 and RM12, with antimicrobial properties against MDR strain E. coli, with the best isolate being RM10, which produced 11.22 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Furthermore, the selection of isolates was based on the size of the inhibition zone, the clearness of the inhibition zone and the potential for antibacterial activity. Based on their overall antimicrobial potential against the test microbes, four isolates were selected. Molecular analyses of RM12 isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, of RM 10 isolate showed 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis, of AC isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and of AC 5 isolate showed 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found four isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes. The symbiont microbes taken from R. mucronata and A. ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus.
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