An individual of Longnose marbled whipray Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878) (60 cm of total length) was caught and photographed on 3 August 2020, from Pahang River, Kuala Lipis District, Pahang, Malaysia. This rare finding represents the first-ever known record of F. oxyrhyncha in Malaysian waters, and only the fourth record in Southeast Asia besides former records of F. oxyrhyncha from Thailand, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Further study and monitoring is needed to asses the possibility of the importance of Pahang River as habitat of F. oxyrhyncha.

No abstract

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country so it has enormous coastal potential as well. One of the coastal potential that has great benefits for the community is seaweed cultivation. Production of seaweed cultivation in NTB province in 2012 reaches 657,700 tons and increase every year. But in fact, the development of seaweed cultivation business have several obstacles, one of them is the presence of ice-ice disease that infects the seaweed Eucheuma cottoni species. This ice-ice disease causes a decrease in the quality and quantity of seaweed causing crop failure. This ice-ice disease attacks the thallus in the seaweed and causes the seaweed thallus to become brittle and breaks easily due to the lysis of epidermal cells and chloroplasts. The ice-ice disease is caused by a bacterial infection of Vibrio sp. which occurs when seaweed become stress due to adverse environmental conditions such as rising temperatures and salinity. The ice-ice disease can be threat using antibacterial compounds which found in plants such as tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. One of the plants that contain antibacterial is kirinyuh (Chromolaena ordorata). The antibacterial content on kirinuyuh leaves is extracted using a simple maceration method with aquadest as a solvent, and yields of extraction was diluted into concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Leaf extract of kirinyuh with variation of concentration was tested in vitro condition by using diffusion agar method with paper disk on solid NB media which has been overgrown with Vibrio sp. The result of in vitro test using diffusion agar method with paper disk was obtained that kirinyuh extract is able to inhibit the growth of Vibrio sp. bacteria with the widest inhibit zone is 10.315 mm at 100% concentration.

This current work investigated the usage of soybean phospholipid (SP) in extenders for bull sperm cryopreservation. The sperm was obtained from Friesian Holstein (FH) bulls using an artificial vagina method. Furthermore, semen samples were pooled and diluted in a Tris egg yolk-based extender (control group; CG) or Tris extender supplemented with SP at different concentrations (G1 = 0.5%, G2 = 1%, G3 = 1.5%, G4 = 2%, G5 = 2.5%) for a final concentration of 25×106 spermatozoa/0.25 mL. Subsequently, they were packed in straws (0.25 mL), cryopreserved using liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes, then stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). As a result, control group presented significantly higher values in motility, viability and membrane integrity at the stage of dilution, equilibration and post-thawing compared to treatment group (P<0.05). After thawing (37°C/30s), no significant difference was observed between G4 and control group for all parameters observed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) (P>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 2% soybean phospholipid in Tris-based extender can be used for freezing bull semen, producing a satisfied fertility rate in post-thawing stage.