Background: Glaucoma is an important cause of blindness world-wide, as a rise in intraocular pressure is associated with optic disc damage. However, the impact of this hypothyroidism on IOP in the setting of orbitopathy has not been clearly established.Objective: To study the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).Methods: This cross sectional study includes total 86 patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) who visited ophthalmology and medicine OPD of our Institute. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination including BCVA, Slit lamp examination, Fundus examination by +78 D lens, intraocular pressure measurement by Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT), visual fields (SITA standard 30-2, Humphrey, USA and pachymetry (Sonomed, USA). Exophthalmomery was done using Luedde's Exophthalmometer.Results: A total of 86 consecutive patients of TAO were included in the study. There were 45 males and 41 females in our study. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years (Range: 23-57.5 years). All patients had some degree of proptosis along with congestive features of active TAO. In our study 52 out of 172 eyes had IOP > 21 mm Hg. 21 eyes had optic nerve changes and visual field changes to be labeled as glaucomatous. 31 eyes had only high IOP without corresponding optic nerve or visual field changes.Conclusions: Patients with thyroid associated ophthalmology (TAO) have high prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma , secondary glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Background: Intraocular pressure constitutes the most important risk factor for the emergence of glaucoma, a pathology often associated with diabetes mellitus.Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between intraocular pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to investigate the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia on the intraocular pressure (IOP). Materials and Methods:We prospectively measured the IOP by applanation tonometry in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes (Group I) and in 100 Normal subject as a control(Group II). The glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of the subjects with diabetes were determined and based on that, they were divided into 3 subgroups as group Ia with HbA1c levels of < 7% (n = 40); group Ib with HbA1c levels of 7 to 8.0%(n = 32); and group Ic with HbA1c levels of > 8.0% (n = 28 ) All the data were expressed as means ± standard deviations.The statistical analysis was performed by the Student's t test. The correlation between HbA1c and IOP was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient. A p value of < 0 .05 was considered to be significant. Results:We observed that the IOP values were higher in the subjects with diabetes (Mean = 21.50 ± 3.50) than in the age and sex matched control groups. The mean IOP in the groups Ia, Ib and Ic were 16.32 ± 2.10 , 20.54 ± 2.50 mm Hg, and 21.95 ± 3.20 mm Hg respectively. The difference in the IOP between the groups Ib and Ic was found to be statistically significant (P = .001) Conclusion: Diabetic subjects with elevated HbA1c levels exhibited significantly higher IOPs compared to those with lower HbA1c levels. Findings from this study indicate an association between hyperglycemia and elevated IOP and that poor glycemic control may contribute to increased IOP levels in long-term diabetic patients.

To determine the efficacy of treatment on visual outcomes in bilateral refractive myopic amblyopia according to the degree of amblyopia and myopia in children of 4-18 years of age-group.This prospective interventional study enrolled 25 cases with bilateral myopia in the age group of 4-18yrs excluding those with organic cause. Thorough ocular examination carried out including subjective test, torch-light and slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, cycloplegic refraction, wet retinoscopy,. Myopia not improving with best-corrected visual acuity[BCVA] selected and classified according to the degree of amblyopia. The Initial and final BCVA compared converted to log MAR scale for statistical analysis. Treatment planned according to degree of amblyopia and myopia were macular stimulation, occlusion, and combination of occlusion with macular stimulation and spectacle correction. Follow-up period was 1 year with initial weekly visits followed by monthly visits. Percentage improvement of visual acuity assessed in each patient.Among 25 cases, with respect to difference in amblyopia grade in BE, maximum mild amblyopia in 10 eyes improved with macular stimulation and 8 eyes of moderate-severe amblyopia improved with combination of macular stimulation and occlusion. P-value[0.01] is statistically significant with macular stimulation in LE.Untreated refractive errors in myopic are more prone to develop bilateral amblyopia. Timely proper treatment and compliance are necessary for visual improvement.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the connection among BMI and chose visual boundaries like IOP. Methods: Three hundred stout subjects and 200 age- and sex-matched sound subjects were signed up for this planned cross-sectional review. Ophthalmological assessments including intraocular pressure (IOP) and refractive mistake were performed regarding each matter. Visual assessment included estimation of refractive mistake for far off vision with Snellen’s outlines or ignorant E diagram at 6 m in a sufficiently bright room Height and weight of all subjects were recorded and weight list (BMI) was determined. Results: It was observed that the IOP of the overweight gathering was fundamentally higher (13.56±3.12 mm Hg) than that of the typical weight bunch (11.86±2.12 mm Hg) p<0.01. Conclusion: It was observed that BMI firmly corresponded with expanded IOP. Likewise, the level of corpulence was viewed as a critical variable; in this way, the connection between these visual boundaries and the seriousness of stoutness ought to be additionally explored.