This study aims to determine the effect of implementing a realistic mathematics education approach (PMR) on mathematics learning outcomes and self-confidence of grade VII students at SMP Negeri 4 Takalar. The type of research to be used is quantitative research with quasi-experimental methods. The classes to be studied are class VII B as the experimental class and class VII A as the control class. Data collection was carried out by providing instruments in the form of a pretest and self-confidence questionnaire to obtain initial data on students 'mathematics learning outcomes and self-confidence tests, then instruments in the form of posttest, and self-confidence questionnaires to obtain final data on students' mathematics learning outcomes and self-confidence. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 25 program, which consists of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, gain analysis, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of implementing a realistic mathematics education approach on mathematics learning outcomes and students' self-confidence.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Problem Based Learning model on the ability to solve problems in economic learning for class XI students across interests in SMA Negeri 16 Makassar. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with Nonequivalent (Pretest and Posttest) Control Group Design. Data collection methods are through tests (pretest and posttest), observation, and documentation. The number of samples in this study were 72 students, where in the experimental class there were 37 students and 35 students in the control class. Data analysis used in the form of N-Gain experimental class and control class. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the Problem Based Learning model variable (independent variable) has an effect on the problem-solving ability variable (the dependent variable). This is evidenced by the comparison of the experimental class mean value of 0.71 (high) and the control class N-Gain average value of 0.53 (moderate).