Based on the data reported by Fitra (Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency) Region Sumatera Utara from the audit results by BPK (Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia) in the IHP (Summary of Audit Results) for Semester II/2012, North Sumatera Utara is considered as the most corrupted province in Indonesia. It was in the first rank followed by Aceh Province, West Papua Province, and DKI Jakarta in the fourth place.1This anticorruption education is an attempt to build national character as the foundation to prevent corruption conduct. Therefore, early prevention is required through education for senior high school students in North Sumatera Province in order that by the time they get into the employmentwoorld, they will become reliable young generation who will bring Indonesia to achieve just and prosperous society.

The research attempted to recognize students’ comprehension in adopting a set of procedures in the translation process compared to the translation-professional choices in real-situation. Thus, two sets of questionnaires were provided for students and professional translators. The qualitative method was employed in conducting the research. The first questionnaire enabled students to express their feelings, thoughts, and ideas concerning the translation course and process. This reflection revealed the students’ strategies, interests, and motivation in attending the course. It also allowed the student to see the importance and benefit of the course. On the other hand, the second questionnaire drew some insight into professional translators’ choice in doing a translation, particularly on strategy in dealing with texts. Those finding provides an opportunity for teachers to identify the students’ needs in learning and practicing the translation as close as the professional does and finally to find the best approach in teaching translation.

The objective of the study is to develop the teaching materials in writing descriptive texts in Grade X students of SMK Binaan UMN Al-Washliyah 3, Medan. The study is conducted by  the Development Research method, and the evaluators are the instructors of the Indonesian Subject (specific instructors), and the subjects are Grade X students. Pre-test and post-test are done to find out the effectiveness of the result. The result of the pre-test shows that the average score is 67% with the category of satisfactory; the result of the post-test shows that the average score is 85% with the category of distinction. The process of developing teaching materials includes three aspects of assessment: 1) teaching materials, 2) presentation, and 3) language structure. The validation of material experts includes content with an average score of 4.9% and a percentage of 82.2% with the category of distinction. The feasibility of presenting teaching materials has an average score of 113% with the category of distinction, and the language element has an average score of 11.4% with the category of distinction. The conclusion indicates that the design for developing teaching materials of descriptive texts by using a scientific approach in the subject of Indonesian is very effective.

Based on observations from interviews with Indonesian language and literature teachers at SMPN 1, Pinang City, South Labuhan Batu, Indonesia, it is known that students' writing skills still need to be improved. Only 60% of students who are able to write instructions properly and correctly, the rest still have difficulty in writing instructions. In this study, there are two categories of research data sources. First, the data source for the prototype needs of teaching materials consists of students and teachers. Second, the prototype validation data source that will assess the prototype of teaching materials writing instructions with a contextual approach. Sources of data needs prototype teaching materials in this study are students and teachers. Sources of prototype validation data that assess the product development of this research are teachers and expert lecturers. The main finding of this study is the average value given by three teachers and two experts on the prototype of teaching materials for writing instructions with a contextual approach, namely (1) aspects of material presentation of 69.79 included in the good category, (2) aspects of content /material of 79.17 is included in the good category, and (3) aspects of language and readability of 80.42 are included in the good category. After making improvements based on the results of assessments and suggestions by teachers and experts, the teaching materials write instructions with the Contextual after repair contains material on the meaning of writing instructions, characteristics that need to be considered in writing instructions, steps for writing instructions, examples of writing instructions, and effective sentences.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA Fisika melalui model pembelajaran problem solving pada kelas VII SMP negeri 18 Palu. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan the equivalent pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 18 Palu. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Kelas VII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII D sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen hasi belajar berupa tes pilihan ganda yang telah divalidasi oleh validator dan coba lapangan. Peningkatan rata-rata N-gain yang mengikuti model pembelajaran problem solving adalah 72,72 yang berkriteria tinggi dan peningkatan rata-rata yang mengikuti model konvensional menggunakan metode ceramah adalah 63,98 yang berkeriteria sedang. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21, untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar awal yaitu 36,95 dan tes hasil belajar akhir yaitu 83,45, dan untuk kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar awal yaitu 40,45 dan tes hasil belajar akhir yaitu 78,86. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai signifikannya yaitu 0,039. Dimana Nilai signifikan hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai α atau 0,039 < 0,05. Dengan demikian H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar IPA Fisika melalui penerapan model pembelajaran problem solving pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 18 Palu. Kata Kunci : Problem Solving, Hasil Belajar