<p style="text-align: justify;">The study aims to investigate the evaluation model of professional leadership and the characteristics of successful principals at an Indonesian secondary school. It is to further realize the effective learning and to produce instruments that meet the validity and reliability tests. It also aims to discover the correlation and the significance of the independent variables on the dependent variables, and the percentage of influence on the indicators in shaping the model of principals’ leadership. Quantitative data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 students. The number of respondents was determined using a simple random sampling technique. The research findings showed that there was a significant correlation among the principals’ leadership, characters, and effective learning. It indicated that leadership evaluation influenced the school leadership and the principals’ characters on effective learning. The results of the measurement on formative relationships showed that the indicators of behaviour and actions of school principals who manage the teachers to conduct learning activity seriously in the classroom became a determining factor in shaping the effective learning paradigm in secondary schools.</p>

The study aimed to reveal the effect of nationalism, historical knowledge, religious moderation, Islamism, and radical thinking on radical behavior of the young generation in public high schools in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The samples were grade XII students from four schools out of 16 schools. All indicators met the requirements of the validity and reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity test (variance extracted (VE) ≥ 0.50) obtained three constructs that meet the requirements to proceed to the analysis structure mode. The finding showed that nationalism construct did not affect the radical behavior construct with Sig. 0.203 > 0.05, while religious moderation construct did not affect radical behavior construct with Sig. 0.629 > 0.05. Meanwhile, the results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the constructs of nationalism and religious moderation simultaneously did not affect the construct of radical behavior. The finding illustrated that public high school students in Padang had a good understanding of nationalism and a moderate attitude in religious life so that there was no potential for the radicalism behavior among the young generation, especially for public high school students in Padang, West Sumatra. The practical implication of this research is that the school leaderships will formulate controlled regulations regarding the implementation of religious and clerical activities carried out by the Intraschool Student Organization (ISSO). In short, they will not be infiltrated by radical ideas from external parties.

This research aimed to discover the implementation of e-leadership for school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on school performance through changes in teacher behavior. Quantitative research was used where it involved 8 public high schools with 150 respondents. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of e-leadership for school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic was at a very high level for the dimensions of the vision of continuous learning and professional development of teachers, and at a high level for the dimensions of classroom supervision and teacher performance assessment; (2) none of the independent variables have a correlation with the dependent variable greater than &gt;0.50. The correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable is at a simple stage for teacher behavior and a low stage for teacher performance; (3) the result of measurement model test with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) shows that the loading factor of each indicator is greater than 0.60, which means that the indicators are valid for measuring the variable; (4) the results of the structural model test show that the principal’s e-leadership variable, scientific competence (pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge), personality competence and e-skills have a positive and significant effect on teacher behavior with a value of ***p = &lt; 0.05. Teacher performance also has a positive and significant effect with a value of ***p = &lt; 0.05 which makes H-1–H-9 accepted. Proportionally, e-leadership remains the main variable compared to other variables which gives the largest contribution to improving teacher performance through changes in teacher behavior by (0.280), scientific competence variables (pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge) and teacher personality, respectively, contribute to improved performance through changes in teacher behavior of (0.083) and (0.152). The e-skill competency variable of teachers contributes to increased performance through changes in teacher behavior of (0.177). The practical implication of this research is that principals need to change their roles and leadership styles from conventional to electronic-based learning leadership styles to realize effective online learning.

This study aims to determine the assessment of ethical leadership in Islamic High School principal; determine the relationship among ethical leadership constructs; and investigates the influence of ethical leadership in terms of value, serve, act justly, and do right to build the community for a common goal. Eight Islamic secondary schools and 80 teachers were selected as respondents for the study. Quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire which is modified from ethical leadership Perceived Leader Instrument Integrity Scale (LIS). The questionnaire was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and path analysis with multiple regressions. The findings show that the assessment of ethical leadership matched with empirical data. It also found that leadership principals in the service of others was developed at the level of an ethical community, and in terms of respect for others is at unethical level. Then, the finding showed that each construct correlated at a moderate level. It also found that the constructs of ethical leadership (serve and act) provided direct influence on the establishment of a community development effort. The study recommended the elements of ethical leadership of respect for others.

Differences in views in the first precepts of the Pancasila version of the Jakarta Charter of 22 June 1945 became a genealogical factor that caused some Islamic groups to struggle relentlessly in realizing Islam as the basis of the philosophy and ideology of the state. Part of these groups' movements is compromise and radicalism. Therefore, this research aims to examine non-mainstream Islamic movements in the Indonesian political system. The phenomenological constructivism approach is used in understanding the views of the New Order and the Reform regimes in dealing with non-mainstream Islamic movements, through interview techniques and document analysis. These results showed that radical issues far exceed the normal level of Islamic movements in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is concern that certain groups oriented towards Islamic movements in Indonesia are more co-opted in the anti-Islamic global network sponsored by the United States and the West. The status of the New Order and Reform Regimes did not differ significantly in addressing various state issues related to the Islamic movement. For both regimes, non-mainstream Islamic movements should be strictly controlled. The most effective political instruments to control Islamic nationalist groups whose views differ from secular nationalist in terms of Pancasila as the state ideology are radical issues and terrorism.