BACKGROUND:The coastal region is the largest region in Indonesia as a country of the archipelago. Characteristics of groundwater content in coastal areas are very influential on dental health, especially dental caries. The main elements contained in 1-1000 mg/litre groundwater are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, and sulfate groups. Calcium is an essential ingredient for living organisms that play a role in the formation of bone and tooth along with permeability of cell walls.AIM:This study aimed to analyse the relationship between calcium in groundwater with dental caries.METHOD:Analytical observational study with cross-sectional approach was implemented was coastal communities in Watu Ulo Jember Regency in February 2018 (3,686 inhabitants), with sample criteria of the minimum age of 12 years and consumed groundwater as drinking water at least 2 years by purposive side. The variables in this study were calcium levels as the independent variable and dental caries as the dependent variable. Calcium was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Caries measurements were performed using the DMF-T index. Data were presented descriptively in the table and analysed by Spearman Correlation test to analyze the relationship between groundwater calcium with dental caries.RESULTS:Average groundwater calcium content was 126.75 mg/litre (high category), and average dental caries was 2.2 (low category). Spearman correlation analysis showed p = 0.029 (p < 0.000), which means there was a correlation between groundwater calcium level with dental caries.CONCLUSION:There is a positive relationship between the calcium content of groundwater with dental caries.

Adhesion, IL–1β, TNF–α are components that affect in inflammation. So, the effect of steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans to adhesion of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> on this components. This study used monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood using Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation method. Monocytes were divided into eight groups, i. e. (i) Control group (untreated monocytes), (ii) <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> group (monocytes + <em>S. mutans</em>), (iii) Black Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 2.5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (iv) Black Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (v) black Coffee 10 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 10 % +  <em>S. mutans</em>), (vi) Green Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 2.5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (vii) Green Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (viii) Green coffee 10 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 10 % + <em>S. mutans</em>). S. mutans adhesion on monocytes was analyzed using histochemistry method, while immunocytochemical staining was used for analyzing IL–1β and TNF–α. Cells counting was done per 100 monocytes under a light microscope with 400 × magnification. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results showed that steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans increased the adhesion of S. mutans on monocytes, but it decreased of IL–1β, TNF–α expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, steeping of green and black robusta coffee beans reduced inflammation against <em>S. mutans</em>.

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan hal penting yang harus diperhatikan, terutama pada anak stunting yang memerlukan perhatian lebih dikarenakan memiliki tingkat kesadaran yang kurang, rentan terhadap penyakit, dan tingkat intelektual yang rendah dibandingkan anak gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak stunting usia 36-60 bulan melalui bullet journal pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu anak stunting usia 36-60 bulan dari desa Panduman, Kecamatan Jelbuk, Kabupaten Jember sebanyak 73 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Responden tersebut akan diberikan sebuah bullet journal yang berisi perilaku dasar kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tingkat perilaku pada penelitian ini dikategorikan menjadi tiga yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hasil: Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu 35 responden (48%) termasuk kategori rendah, 29 responden (40%) termasuk kategori sedang, dan 9 responden (12%) termasuk kategori tinggi. Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat perilaku yang rendah.Kata kunci: bullet journal; kesehatan gigi dan mulut; stunting; tingkat perilaku Oral health behavior overview of stunting children aged 36-60 months through bullet journals during the COVID-19 pandemic

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