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Purpose: To assess the efficacy of 3 days of topical moxifloxacin in combination with povidone–iodine (PVI) versus moxifloxacin/PVI alone in eliminating conjunctival bacterial flora in patients scheduled to undergo intravitreal injections (IVI). Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized comparative study in which 120 patients scheduled to undergo IVI at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi were selected. Study patients were randomized into two groups. Both the groups received self-administration of moxifloxacin for 3 days prior to injection, except in Group B where it was preceded by PVI. Cultures were obtained at different time intervals, such as in Group A before and after applying moxifloxacin (for 3 days) and once again after applying PVI just before the procedure in the operating room, whereas in Group B first two samples were taken before and after applying PVI and the last sample was taken on the day of the procedure after 3 days of moxifloxacin application. Results: A statistical significance was seen between moxifloxacin prophylaxis and resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) ( P = 0.0001), which implies that frequent use of antibiotic prophylaxis will ultimately lead to the formation of resistant organisms in the conjunctival flora, especially when repeated IVI are given. Conclusion: We could not establish any additional benefits of topical moxifloxacin prophylaxis with regard to a reduction in conjunctival flora when compared with PVI 5%. PVI can be used as an efficient monotherapy in patients undergoing repeated IVI.

Ophthalmomyiasis is the infestation of human eye with larvae of certain flies. Only a few cases of Ophthalmomyiasis externa have been reported from India. We report a human case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by the larva of oestrus ovis (sheep botfly) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, from Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. A 32 year old male patient presented with redness and watering in the right eye. A moving larva was found in his right inferior fornix and after its removal, the symptoms improved after a few hours.

Chronic canaliculitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal canaliculus. Inflammation of lacrimal canaliculus can occur secondary to dacryocystitis, but the most common cause is infection. 1 Bacteria, fungi and viruses can cause infection. The most common presenting symptom of canaliculitis is chronic conjunctivitis. Actinomyces species is classically cited as the most common organism causing canaliculitis. 2-4 Concretions in the lower palpebral conjunctiva/fornix with conjuctivitis can also be the presenting symptom of Actinomyces infection. 5 We hereby report two cases of chronic conjunctivitis, one with canaliculitis and the other with palpebral concretions, both were positive for Actinomyces and responded to topical 5% cefazoline eyedrops. Case Report-1 A 50 year old male presented to us with complaints of chronic irritation,watering and occasional redness of the right eye since past 8 months. He was prescribed various topical antibiotic drops but he did not respond to any of them. On examination, his vision was 6/6 in both eyes. Examination of the right eye revealed a tender swelling in the medial one third of the right lower lid with congestion of adjacent lower palpebral conjunctiva and pouting lower punctum (Figure 1