BackgroundKBG syndrome is a very rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by macrodontia, distinctive craniofacial findings, skeletal findings, post-natal short stature, and developmental delays, sometimes associated with seizures and EEG abnormalities. So far, there have been over 100 cases of KBG syndrome reported.Case presentationHere, we describe two sisters of a non-consanguineous family, both presenting generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures (GEFS+), and one with a more complex phenotype associated with mild intellectual disability, skeletal and dental anomalies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis in all the family members revealed a heterozygous SCN9A mutation, p.(Lys655Arg), shared among the father and the two probands, and a novel de novo loss of function mutation in the ANKRD11 gene, p.(Tyr1715*), in the proband with the more complex phenotype. The reassessment of the phenotypic features confirmed that the patient fulfilled the proposed diagnostic criteria for KBG syndrome, although complicated by early-onset isolated febrile seizures. EEG abnormalities with or without seizures have been reported previously in some KBG cases.The shared variant, occurring in SCN9A, has been previously found in several individuals with GEFS+ and Dravet syndrome.ConclusionsThis report describe a novel de novo variant in ANKRD11 causing a mild phenotype of KGB syndrome and further supports the association of monogenic pattern of SCN9A mutations with GEFS+. Our data expand the allelic spectrum of ANKRD11 mutations, providing the first Brazilian case of KBG syndrome. Furthermore, this study offers an example of how WES has been instrumental allowing us to better dissect the clinical phenotype under study, which is a multilocus variation aggregating in one proband, rather than a phenotypic expansion associated with a single genomic locus, underscoring the role of multiple rare variants at different loci in the etiology of clinical phenotypes making problematic the diagnostic path. The successful identification of the causal variant in a gene may not be sufficient, making it necessary to identify other variants that fully explain the clinical picture. The prevalence of blended phenotypes from multiple monogenic disorders is currently unknown and will require a systematic re-analysis of large WES datasets for proper diagnosis in daily practice.

The growth rate and the proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 07A and 041, isolated from cow’s milk, were evaluated at 2, 4, 7 and 10ºC. P. fluorescens promoted protein degradation during storage of milk samples as observed by Proteolytic activity measurement, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and heat stability of milk. Casein hydrolysis resulted in loss of thermal stability of milk and in formation of fragments of low and medium molecular mass. Temperatures up to 10°C did notguarantee raw milk quality when contamination by P. fluorescens was equal or higher than 106 cfu/mL.

The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has caused an increase of babies born with microcephaly or other neurological malformations. The differential diagnosis of Zika infection, particularly serological diagnosis, is an important but complex issue. In this study, we describe clinical manifestations of 94 suspected cases of congenital Zika from Bahia state, Brazil, and the results of serological tests performed on children and/or their mothers at an average of 71 days after birth. Anti‐Zika immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were detected in 44.4% and in 7.1% of samples from mothers and children, respectively. Nearly all the IgM, and 92% of immunoglobulin G positive results were confirmed by neutralization test. Zika specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in as much as 90.4% of the cases. Moreover, dengue specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in 79.0% of Zika seropositive mothers. In conclusion, Zika IgM negative results should be considered with caution, due to a possible rapid loss of sensitivity after birth, while the NS1‐based Zika IgM enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test we have used has demonstrated to be highly specific. In a high percentage of cases, Zika specific neutralizing antibodies were detected, which are indicative of a past Zika infection, probably occurred during pregnancy in this population.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. The numbers of total aerobic and fecal contamination bacteria were evaluated, and genomic features were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Enterobacteriaceae corresponded to 78.6% (n = 161) of the 205 isolates identified by 16sRNA. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia spp. (57.1%, n = 117), followed by Aeromonas spp. (16.1%, n = 33) and Klebsiella spp. (12.7%, n = 26). The remaining 29 isolates (14.1%) were distributed across 10 different genera. Among the 183 resistant genes detected, 54 isolates produced extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), of which blaCTX-M-15 was predominant (37 isolates; 68.5%). A KPC-3 carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca was identified (n = 1), with blaKPC-3 included in a transposon Tn4401 isoform b. A higher number of virulence genes (VG) (19 genes) was found in the E. coli 5301 (O25b-ST131-B2) isolate compared with a commensal E. coli 5281 (O25b-ST410-A) (six genes). Both shared five VG [Enterobactin; Aerobactin, CFA/1 (clade α); Type1 (clade γ1); Type IV]. In conclusion, this work highlights the role of relevant clinical bacteria in WWTPs, such as KPC-3-producing K. oxytoca, and, for the first time, a CTX-M-15-producing Ochromobactrum intermedium, a human opportunistic pathogen, and a SED-1-producing Citrobacter farmeri, an uncommon CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> O estudo tem por objetivo apresentar dados sobre os registros de Desordens Congênitas em menores de 1 ano no Estado da Bahia entre 2012 e 2016. <strong>Método:</strong> Estudo epidemiológico e descritivo, com obtenção de dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), no período de 2012 a 2016, por meio de consulta no SIHSUS (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde), Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos – SINASC, e Estatísticas Vitais do TABNET disponibilizados nesta plataforma. <strong>Resultados: </strong>Foi observado um total de 7406 nascidos vivos por ocorrência de anomalias congênitas neste período, onde o maior número de casos foi registrado em 2016 (23,95%). A média de nascidos vivos com anomalias congênitas corresponde 2.468 indivíduos. As os defeitos congênitos de maior incidência se referem a malformações e deformidades congênitas do aparelho osteomuscular (48,04%). As alterações congênitas que registraram maior morbidade estavam relacionadas àquelas originadas do aparelho circulatório (26,75% de todos os casos de internação), sendo também as principais causas de óbito neste mesmo período (38,07%).<strong>Conclusão: N</strong>esta série histórica observa-se que as anomalias são as mais frequentes em nascidos vivos no período de 2012 a 2016, onde malformações congênitas do aparelho circulatório as de maior causa de morbidade e mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida. Um número de 1060 óbitos por malformações cardíacas e circulatórias em menores de 1 ano de vida foi registrado a despeito de um total de nascidos vivos de 161 indivíduos registrados nessa base de dados. Acreditamos que a divergência dessas informações possa ter ocorrido por falha na alimentação dos dados, pela forma da implantação do e pelas dificuldades quanto à interpretação e o uso do CID-10. A alimentação inadequada das informações pelo DATASUS limita a representação real dos valores para se construir um mapeamento do comportamento das malformações congênitas e suas repercussões em saúde pública.</p>