In this review, we evaluated several studies in the literature to analyze the benefits and deleterious effects of the use of monoclonal antibodies (MABs)-based proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels lead to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Statins are the cornerstones of hypercholesterolemia treatment, but the patient response may often vary, and additional therapies may be needed to control the increased LDL-C levels. MABs bind to PCSK9 receptors, causing a reduction in LDL-C levels. MAB-based PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab have been approved for use in hypercholesterolemia in combination with statins. Studies have suggested that both alirocumab and evolocumab are effective in lowering LDL-C levels, have favorable side effect profiles, and can be administered at convenient dosing intervals; however, further double-blind, randomized trials evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy of both the agents could assist with clinical decision-making.

In this review, we evaluated the literature on the benefits and deleterious effects of digoxin in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF). Although digoxin was considered an effective treatment for HF, the supporting evidence is conflicting. Before the conventional use of modern HF therapies, digoxin was widely used for symptomatic relief on these patients. Further randomized trials are required to reach a definite conclusion about its efficacy and safety in patients experiencing HF with a reduced EF (HFrEF).