Basidiobolomycosis is an unusual fungal skin infection that rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We report a 10-year-old boy diagnosed as suffering GI basidiobolomycosis after being misdiagnosed first as suffering intestinal malignancy then schistosomiasis. The patient presented with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal tenderness and rigidity with marked blood eosinophilia. Abdominal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic scans revealed a large caecal mass. Biopsy of the mass showed transmural granulomatous inflammation interpreted as schistosomal granuloma, ruling out lymphoma. The patient's condition deteriorated despite anti-schistosomal therapy. Emergency surgery was then performed, and caecal perforation was found. The mass was excised; cultures were negative and histopathological examination was suggestive of schistosomal granuloma. The mass recurred 3 weeks post-operatively. Secondopinion histopathological examination diagnosed Basidiobolus ranarum infection. Treatment with itraconazole produced marked improvement, with diminution of the mass. B. ranarum was unequivocally identified in the archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by PCR. This case emphasizes the need to consider GI basidiobolomycosis in children presenting with fever, abdominal mass and eosinophilia, especially those complicated by bowel perforation. IntroductionBasidiobolus species are filamentous fungi that belong to the order Entomophthorales. Unlike other fungi (e.g. Mucorales) classified to the former zygomycetes, they cause subcutaneous zygomycosis in healthy individuals (Singh et al., 2008). Basidiobolus ranarum was first described as an isolate from frogs in 1886. It was cultured from frogs' intestinal contents and excreta (Ribes et al., 2000). It is commonly found in soil and decaying vegetable matter. It is occasionally present as a commensal in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of amphibians, reptiles, fish and mammals such as frogs, toads, turtles, fish, chameleons, horses, dogs and bats (Kaufman et al., 1990;Zahari et al., 1990;Gugnani, 1999). The micro-organism was first isolated in 1955 from decaying plants in the United States. Subsequently it was found in soil and vegetation worldwide (Greer & Friedman, 1966). Basidiobolus is endemic in Uganda and certain other areas of Africa, and in parts of Asia including India (Ribes et al., 2000). In the past, clinical isolates of Basidiobolus were classified as B. ranarum, B. meristosporus and B. haptosporus. However, recent taxonomic studies based on antigenic analysis, isoenzyme banding and restriction enzyme analysis indicate that all human pathogens belong to B. ranarum. In two studies, B. ranarum was commonly isolated from South India (Khan et al., 2001;Sujatha et al., 2003).Zygomycosis is characterized by tissue invasion with broad, non-septate hyphae of fungal species such as Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia and Basidiobolus. Fungal elements of B. ranarum include hyphae and zygospores (Hocquet, 1979;Gugnani, 1999). The hyphae are thin-wall...

Abdominal tuberculosis is still frequent in Tunisia. Because of its non-specific clinical presentation and the limited means of investigation, a laparoscopy with biopsy should be practiced as first line diagnostic tool in case of doubtful abdominal tuberculosis. The earlier the diagnosis is established and an adapted antituberculosis treatment is started, the better the prognosis is.