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A new species of Onosma (Boraginaceae), O. mersinana, in sect. Asterotricha, is described from southern Turkey, and its affinities discussed.

The micromorphological and anatomical properties of Onosma angustissimum Hausskn. & Bornm. and O. cassium Boiss. were investigated. O. angustissimum is an endemic species. All examined taxa had secondary root structure. Crystals were seen in the stem and leaves of two species. Epidermal cells containing crystal needles were observed in O. cassium. Studied Onosma species had isobilateral type of leaves. Stomata were anisocytic and anomocytic. Glandular and eglandular trichomes especially porrectstellate and simple trichomes were densely seen on the both upper and lower epidermis of leaves in two species. Stomata index was different in O. cassium from O. angustissimum.

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Onosma anatolica Binzet, is described and illustrated as a new species from Niğde province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It belongs to sect. Onosma L. subsect. Asterotricha (Boiss.) Gürke. The new species is closely related to Onosma subulifolia Riedl from which it is distinguished. Onosma anatolica is readily distinguished from Onosma subulifolia by its sterile shoots, the green-grey stem indumentum, longer bracts, yellow and puberulous petals. The IUCN threat category of Onosma anatolica is determined as “CR (Critically Endangered)”. A distribution map and anidentification key for Onosma anatolica and Onosma subulifolia supplement the study.