No abstract

Research on the potency of essential oils as diesel fuel bio-additives has been reported. It also has been found out that clove oil has a better performance than turpentine oil on decreasing Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduces the exhaust emissions of the engine. Clove oil is essential oil the content of which is made of eugenol acting as the main component. Eugenol has a bulky structure, two oxygen atoms and can form eugenyl acetate from ester reaction. Eugenyl acetate has a bulkier structure and higher oxygen content than eugenol which leads to optimizing the process of fuel combustion. This experiment can give information about the potency of the bio-additive based on clove oil and eugenol and about the influence of oxygen enrichment with eugenol on the performance of the diesel fuel bio-additive. In general, this experiment covered three stages. The first step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive using a GCMS and FTIR spectrophotometer. The second step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive and composition optimization. The final step is conducting a diesel fuel bio-additive performance test on one cylinder engine on a laboratory scale. The results of the carried out experiment show that clove oil, eugenol and eugenyl acetate can decrease Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduce the exhaust emissions of the engine as well as oxygen enrichment can help in reaching optimal fuel combustion.

No abstract

All food proteins have a potential to be allergic for some people. Nuts and legumes are some of the main food allergens, which are consumed by large numbers of people. Several researches had been reported about the allergenicity of peanut, soybean, tree nuts, but not of the bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), one of the legumes consumed largely by the population in Indonesia. The reported study aimed to isolate bambara groundnut protein and to analyze its allergic reactivity. The protein isolate reactivity was tested by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, involving six peanut and soybean allergic human sera. ELISA analysis showed that the bambara groundnut protein had allergenic proteins. Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis revealed that serum IgE from the donors could bind to individual allergens to various degrees, demonstrating the specificity of IgE reactivity. In conclusion, bambara groundnut contained allergenic proteins, and the research demonstrated a cross-reactivity to peanut and soybean.

No abstract