Plastic in the form of Styrofoam is a synthetic polymer material which is very practical in its use. This garbage is very damaging to the environment if it is burned because it produces gases that are dangerous to human respiration. The use of styrofoam must be stopped and do an alternative effort for any eco-friendly packaging materials, namely bio-foam which uses starch as the main raw material. The potential source of starch is tapioca flour, and the main source for fiber is corncob for several reasons including plastics made from starch/biomass which are more easily decomposed by nature and are abundant, also less utilized. This research was conducted with taking fiber from the corncob waste, then mixing it with tapioca, sorbitol, Mg stearate, and PVA. After obtaining the bio-foam, a water absorption test and biodegradability test were carried out. The results of the water absorption test showed that the 1st treatment had the greatest water absorption, exactly at the immersion time in the amount of 15 minutes in 25.45%, while the biodegradability test with soaking time in the soil for 14 days showed that 1st treatment was the most easily degraded by 20.25%.
Latar Belakang: Penderita autis memiliki beberapa gangguan khas, antara lain gangguan perilaku, gangguan penyerapan, serta gangguan makan. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi gangguan perilaku penderita autis adalah melakukan diet bebas gluten bebas kasein (BGBC). Penerapan diet BGBC yang tidak tepat pada penderita autis menyebabkan defisiensi asupan zat gizi seperti vitamin D dan kalsium yang mengakibatkan penderita autis lebih berisiko memiliki kepadatan tulang rendah dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak autis.Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kepadatan tulang antara penderita autis dan tidak autis Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain penelitian case control dengan subjek 20 penderita autis dan tidak autis 10-19 tahun yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Data yang diambil asupan vitamin D dan kalsium, dan nilai kepadatan tulang. Penilaian asupan vitamin D dan kalsium diperoleh melalui formulir FFQ (Food Frequency Semi Quantitative) dan nilai kepadatan tulang menggunakan z-score quantitative ultrasound bone densitometry. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Independent T-Test Hasil: Rerata z-score kepadatan tulang penderita autis lebih rendah (-1,47+ 0,91) dibandingkan dengan anak tidak autis (0,32+ 0,53). Kepadatan tulang yang rendah (z-score < -2) hanya ditemukan pada kelompok penderita autis (35%). Pada kedua kelompok sebagian besar mempunyai asupan vitamin D dan kalsium rendah. Terdapat perbedaan kepadatan tulang antara kelompok penderita autis dan tidak autis (p=0,00)Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan kepadatan tulang antara penderita autis dan tidak autis
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