No abstract

Organic wastes from plants that contain certain secondary metabolite compounds can be used as botanical pesticides. In this study, the plant wastes used were chrysanthemum flower, JC citrus peel and foliage of tobacco. The botanical pesticides were tested for their effectiveness against the main pests of citrus that were citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and citrus aphids Toxoptera citricidus. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of botanical pesticides from plant wastes against both target pests. The three materials were extracted and processed by maceration method with methanol solvent. The test was arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of 12 treatments, that were the test concentration for each ingredient was 0.5 %; 0.75 % and 1 %, comparative chemical insecticides dimethoat and imidacloprid, and control. The treatment consisted of two units for each target pest and repeated 4 times. The test results showed that the botanical insecticide from tobacco foliage was the most effective against both target pests compared to those from chrysanthemums flower and JC citrus peel. The insecticide tested was more effective against citrus aphids T. citricidus compared to citrus psyllid D. citri, as evidenced by the shorter time to achieve the mortality. For tobacco insecticides, further testing with lower concentrations is needed to determine the exact and effective test concentration, so that the use of materials is more efficient.

Diaphorina citri is an important pest in citrus plants because of its role as a vector of CitrusVein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) disease. The study was a follow-up test of the preliminarytests carried out previously. The aim of this study was to determine the effective concentrationof bioinsecticide of Japansche Citroen (JC) orange peel extract in controlling D. citri in thephases of nymph and imago. The concentration tested was 0% (control); 0.01%; 0.1%; 1%;and 10% (v / v) with a comparison of imidacloprid insecticide 0.1%. The test results showedthat the JC citrus peel extract at a concentration of 0.1 effectively controlled the D. citri nymphstarting at 96 hours after application (HAA) with a mortality of 69%. The concentration of 1%was effective from 24 HAA with a mortality of 65% and thereafter reaching up to 100% at 120HAA, this was not significantly different from the 10% concentration treatment andimidacloprid insecticide 0.1%, yet was significantly different from other treatments andcontrols. Citrus peel extract was effective for controlling imago of D. citri on 10% concentration. The concentration that was able to provide mortality above 50% was the highestconcentration of 10% at 96, 120 and 144 HAA. The results of the probit analysis showed thatthe LC50 values at 24 HAA on nymphs was 1.86 and the LC90 value was 9.10. The treatment onimago the LC50 at 48 HAA was 21.34 and the LC90 was not achieved. The results of thecalculation of the LC50 and LC90 values showed that the value in nymphs was smaller than inimago. This showed that the bioinsecticide of JC citrus peel extract was more effective againstnymphs than imago of D. citri. Bioinsecticide of JC citrus peel extract was effective againstpsyllid nymph of D. citri at concentrations of 0.1 and 1% and against the imago phase waseffective at 10%.Keywords: Toxicity, citrus peel extract, Diaphorina citri