No abstract

Background: Injury of growth plate may lead to serious complications such as bone bridge formation, deformity, growth disturbance, and limb length discrepancy. Stem cell therapy is one of the fields studied to mitigate this problem. There are various types and techniques which can be implemented. Objective: This systematic review aims to review the most common techniques used in the experimental animal study about the application of stem cells to treat growth plate injury. Methods: This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The following strategy was used. The terms used on the search engine were “stem cell growth plate injury” in PubMed database. A bibliometric evaluation was done on all the search results. Results: The initial PubMed search yielded 74 results, but 5 articles were eliminated because they could not be accessed. From the remaining 69 articles, 50 were excluded after abstract and full-text review. Further, 7 articles were eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Most studies are experimental animal studies, and there is no human trial regarding this matter. Conclusion: There are still a few studies evaluating the application of stem cell in treating growth plate injuries, but the present results are generally satisfactory. Hopefully, clinical trials could be conducted in the near future.

Background: Injury of growth plate may lead to serious complications such as bone bridge formation, deformity, growth disturbance, and limb length discrepancy. Stem cell therapy is one of the fields studied to mitigate this problem. There are various types and techniques which can be implemented. Objective: This systematic review aims to review the most common techniques used in the experimental animal study about the application of stem cells to treat growth plate injury. Methods: This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The following strategy was used. The terms used on the search engine were “stem cell growth plate injury” in PubMed database. A bibliometric evaluation was done on all the search results. Results: The initial PubMed search yielded 74 results, but 5 articles were eliminated because they could not be accessed. From the remaining 69 articles, 50 were excluded after abstract and full-text review. Further, 7 articles were eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Most studies are experimental animal studies, and there is no human trial regarding this matter. Conclusion: There are still a few studies evaluating the application of stem cell in treating growth plate injuries, but the present results are generally satisfactory. Hopefully, clinical trials could be conducted in the near future.

BACKGROUND: Fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant cause of morbidity and a source of a high economic burden in healthcare. A severe bone defect (3 mm in murine model) is a devastating condition, which the bone cannot heal naturally despite surgical stabilization and usually requires further surgical intervention. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous collection of cells and several components, primarily: MSCs, HSCs, Treg cells, pericytic cells, AST cells, extracellular matrix, and complex microvascular beds (fibroblasts, white blood cells, dendritic cells, and intra-adventitial smooth muscular-like cells). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is widely known for their important role in bone formation during mammalian development and confers a multifunctional role in the body, which has potential for therapeutic use. Studies have shown that BMPs play a role in the healing of large size bone defects. AIM: In this study, researchers aim to determine the effect of administering SVF from adipose tissue on the healing process of bone defects assessed based on the level biomarker of BMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an animal study involving 12 Wistar strain Rattus norvegivus. They were divided into three groups: Negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with bone defect without SVF application), and SVF group (rats with bone defect with SVF application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed; the biomarkers that were evaluated are BMP-2. This biomarker was quantified using ELISA. RESULTS: BMP-2 biomarker expressions were higher in the SVF application group than in the group without SVF. All comparisons of the SVF group and positive control group showed significant differences (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: SVF application could aid the healing process in a murine model with bone defect marked by the increased level of BMP-2 as a bone formation marker.

Background:  Bone is naturally regenerable, with a high ability to repair itself. In massive segmental bone defect, bone cannot be repaired independently. Therefore, it is necessary to give a bone graft to promote the healing process. To date, autografts are the gold standard for bone grafts. However, some of the reported complications reported have led to auto-bone transplants being often disregarded. Both autografts or allografts also have some issues. Therefore, in an effort to develop alternative treatments for correcting bone defects and their consequences, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has gained popularity and is nowadays being researched as a potential alternative in bone defect management. There are three fundamental components in BTE combined: biomaterials (scaffolds), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and growth factors. The combination of these components is believed to help the healing process of bone defects.  Methods: This work was an animal study involving twenty Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus. They were divided into five groups: negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with the bone defect without intervention), K-P1 group (rats with bone defect given SVF and porous carbonated- hydroxyapatite (HA)application), K-P2 group (rats with bone defect given SVF and nanocrystalline-HA application) and K-P3 (rats with bone defect giving SVF a bovine-HA application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, the biomarkers osteocalcin and BMP-2 were evaluated. Biomarkers were quantified using ELISA. Results: Both osteocalcin and BMP-2 biomarker expressions were higher in intervention group (with SVF and scaffolds application) compared to the positive group (with no SVF and scaffolds treatment). The combination of SVF and bovine HA was reported significantly to have the highest osteocalcin and BMP levels when compared with other groups Conclusions: A combined application of SVF and scaffolds could aid the healing process in murine models with bone defect, marked by increasing levels of osteocalcin and BMP-2.