Introduction: The technological advancements have transformed the society into a global forum influencing the educational processes and learning environments. Medical education is no exemption with an increasing trend to use the social media and smart phones for teaching and learning. Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube and Edmodo are the platforms promoting collaborative learning, improved communication and knowledge sharing. Aim: This study aims to review the use of smart phones and social media in the context of medical education. It reviews the usage of smart phone and social medical applications including Facebook, WhatsApp and Edmodo for teaching and learning in medical education. Results: The use of personal smartphones for teaching and learning among medical community is highly prevalent and increasing day by day. Medical students use the mobile application for online textbooks (70%), medical podcasts (60%), medical calculator (75%), online lecture (50%) and notes taking (45%). Relevant studies conclude that the majority of students use smart phones for education (62.7%), communication (81.7%) and recreation (82.5%). Social media has a great potential in educational setting and provide students a chance to involve, share and express knowledge and information with each other. Facebook, WhatsApp and Edmodo are the commonly used applications having multiple benefits like collaboration, feedback and engagement but negative aspects including addiction, distraction and maintenance of privacy have also been found. Conclusion: The review article concludes that social media is a powerful instrument for social interactions and is also used as a tool for teaching and learning. The integration of social media with traditional class teaching in medical education has clear advantages but there is a debate about the probable disadvantages as well.

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Demand response (DR) is used in smart grids to shape customer load during peak hours. Automated DR offers utilities a fine grained control and a high degree of confidence in the outcome. However the impact on the customer's comfort means this technique is more suited for industrial and commercial settings than for residential homes. In this paper we present a real-life system for achieving automated controlled DR in a heterogeneous environment. The system is integrated with the USC microgrid. Results show that while on a per building per event basis the accuracy of our prediction and customer selection techniques varies, it performs well on average when considering several events and buildings.

Introduction: With the rapid change in teaching methodologies small group discussion gained a lot of popularity due to its wide impact from multiple dimensions on the learning of students. It is not only influences the learning of the students but also polished many skills not previously explored by the student such as communication skills, leadership qualities, ethics of group dynamics, respect of views of peers and so many. Objective: To expedite the views of Second year MBBS students at Azra Naheed Medical College about Small group discussion. Material and Methods Study design: Quantitative, cross sectional study. Settings: Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Data Collection procedure: This study is conducted at Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore, a total of 150 students divided into 10 groups each comprising of 15 students participated in the study. Students and the facilitators were briefed about the study; the topic assigned to each group ware told them a couple of days before the session. Pre validated questionnaire from the department of medical education was used and the collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Research question: What is the perception of Second year MBBS students at Azra Naheed College, Lahore about small group discussion an effective tool for learning? Results: Majority of the students were satisfied with the punctuality, constructive feedback, role of facilitator, improvement in the communication skills, interaction and positive feedback. Conclusion: It concludes students learned how to maintain a good balance of the session. Our study provided enough opportunities to the students to focus on the dynamics of learning in a modern way of self-respect, respect to the peers, improved self-confidence, and importance of positive and constructive feedback and in the end how to summarize and conclude a session. Key words: small group discussion, student centered learning, integrated learning, lecture

Introduction: Thyroid hormones are basic for foetal development during pre and after birth period. During pregnancy, expanded amalgamation of thyroid hormones is required to meet fetal requirements, which leads to tall necessity of iodine. Pregnancy could be a stress for thyroid organ; it influences 3% women amid pregnancy and 10% ladies of child bearing age. About 18-20% of Australian ladies have thyroid counter acting agent positive test during first trimester of pregnancy. Objective: To study the relationship of thyroid profile parameters in relation to Pregnant females in last trimester of pregnancy Material and Methods Study design: Cross sectional Settings: Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Duration: 6 months, 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021 Data Collection Procedure: A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 patients. The study was conducted in Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee. An educated consent was taken from the participants. Study members were pregnant mothers with pregnancy going to antenatal clinic during last trimester of pregnancy. All subjects were examined for any indications and signs of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This was cross-sectional study Simple convenient sampling technique was applied and sample was calculated using classical test estimate calculation equation of Cochran. Thyroid profile parameters were assessed by ELIZA strategy. Results: A group of fifty healthy pregnant females was selected. The mean age of pregnant females of maternal group was 28.5+6.5. Mode of delivery in females as 28(56%) normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 22(44%) undergoes C-section. Standard error of mean, Standard deviation and percentile values were calculated in maternal group of females. Conclusion: Trimester particular reference ranges of TSH, FT4 and FT3 of our study were lower than international recommenced levels of 2017 Guidelines of American Thyroid Affiliation. These values may be utilized to compare thyroid disease in pregnancy in our area Keywords: Thyroid Profile, T3, T4, TSH, Hormones, Pregnancy