Objective: To compare the outcomes of Bracka’s and Snodgrass techniques in hypospadias repair among the patients admitted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Methods: Prospective study was conducted at the plastic surgery unit, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro from January 2018 to December 2019. All male children aged between 6 months-15 years, given consent of participation, having distal hypospadias and were not previously operated for hypospadias (primary cases) with chordee, good prepuce and wide urethral plate were included. The study was ethically approved from university ethical review committee and informed consent taken from the parents / guardians. Study participant children were divided in two equal groups according to the surgical technique used. Group I (Snodgrass procedure) and Group II (Bracka’s procedure). Pre and post-surgical examination of patients were performed to determine any complications and evaluate the cosmetic results. Results: Total 100 participating pediatric patients of Hypospadias were included in the study. The mean age of study participants was 3.4±2.2 years with age range between 6 months and 15 years. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between operative time and length of postoperative hospital stay of Group I and Group II. Urethrocutaneous fistula and meatal stenosis were observed as the most common postoperative complications in study participants. A statistically significant difference in complications between group I and group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bracka’s technique is more beneficial compared to Snodgrass in terms of urethral fistula. While due to meatal stenosis Snodgrass technique is much advantageous because of higher scar amount results after Bracka’s method. Keywords: Congenital abnormalities, Hypospadias, Postoperative Complications

Background: As the most prevalent form of congenital hand malformation, syndactyly carries significant aesthetic and practical implications. For the vast majority of situations, surgery is the best option. Congenital syndactyly can be repaired with skin grafts and local flaps, however the results are often less functional and cosmetic than anticipated and often leave scars and residual syndactyly. So we set out to find out how children's syndactyly healing went in this study.1 Objective: To analyze the functional outcome of syndactyly repair in children presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This Descriptive case series was conducted at Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, LUMHS Jamshoro / Hyderabad for 6 months. Sample size of 180 cases was recruited through Non-probability consecutive sampling. Then all patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia. In all cases, procedure was performed depends upon the type / extent of syndactyly. Then patients were discharged after recovery and were followed up on 1st, 2nd and 3rd months post operatively for assessment of functional outcome of syndactyly repair i.e. no supination and no pronation was noted. All this information was noted on proforma. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean age of children was 6.30+3.55. There were 66 (37%) females and 114 (63%) male in the sample. There were 128 (71%) cases of simple syndactyly and 52 (29%) cases of complex syndactyly. There were 127 (71%) cases who had no-supination, 162 (90%) cases who had no-pronation. There was significant difference observed between both type of syndactyly (P<0.05) for supination while insignificant for pronation. Conclusion: Thus we have found that syndactyly repair is effective technique through which we can attain success in maximum number of patients which can help in achieving normal angulation of fingers after surgery. Key words: Syndactyly, Pronation, Supination, Angulation, Children

Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistulae is abnormal communication between bladder and vagina that cause continous dribling of urine. It is physically, mentally and socially distressing condition. There are various approaches for surgeries of these urogenital fistulae with different success-rate that depend upon the experience of surgeon and surgical procedures. This study can help us to estimate the success rate of layered repair with graft in vaginal route to make stragedy to adopted in severe patient. Objective: To determine frequency of success in surgery on vesic-ovaginal fistulae by layered closured with graft repair procedures among patients admitted in Isra University. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology department in Isra university hospital Duration: 6 months from 10.2.2014 to 10.8.2014 Study Design: Case series Subject and methods: A total of 100 patients after having surgery for vesicovaginal fistula by layered closure with graft repair was included in this study. History and examination of all subjects were taken. The follow up visit was planned after 3 weeks of surgery. All women was questioned for recurrence of continuous urinary leakage and that without such symptoms proved by absence of leakage on methylene blue dye test was labeled as ‘success’. Results: - Frequency of success in surgery on vesic-ovaginal fistulae by layered closured with graft repair procedures was observed in 88% cases. Conclusion: The success rate of VVF repair by layered closured with graft repair procedures is high. It is concluded that obstetric urogenital fistula is a preventable condition. Keywords: Vesicovaginal fistulae, Layered closured, Graft repair, urogenital fistula