Indigenous land use occurring on temporal scales over centuries or millennia shapes forests in specific ways and influences the dynamics of forest ecosystems. It is challenging to study such land use, but analysis of “culturally modified trees” (CMTs) can give precise spatial and temporal information on past land use by indigenous people. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of indigenous use of land and resources in Nothofagus forests by identifying CMTs and analyzing the forest structure dynamics in an ancient Kawésqar settlement site in western Patagonia. Our results show that there are CMTs at Río Batchelor and that the forest structure varies significantly within the site, indicating that Kawésqar people altered the forest by extracting various resources. We conclude that CMT studies have great potential in Nothofagus forests in southernmost America, but also face specific challenges due to environmental conditions and lack of corroborating historical information.
Resumen. Desde hace más de 25 años se han llevado a cabo en Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) una serie de proyectos etnoarqueológicos hispano-argentinos dirigidos a contrastar arqueológicamente el registro etnográfico de sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras. El principal objetivo ha sido el desarrollo metodológico para un adecuado reconocimiento de la organización social de estas sociedades que pudiera aplicarse a contextos arqueológicos. Para ello adoptamos una aproximación integral-arqueológica, etnográfica, tafonómica y experimental-a la que denominamos "Etnoarqueología experimental". En el marco de estos proyectos excavamos varios yacimientos arqueológicos del siglo XIX, es decir, correspondientes al período de contacto europeo con las sociedades indígenas y del cual se dispone amplia información etnográfica. En el trabajo aquí presentado expondremos los diferentes proyectos y sus conclusiones más importantes, concentrándonos en los resultados de la investigación en dos de los asentamientos Yámana excavados durante estos proyectos, Túnel VII y Lanashuaia, ubicados ambos en la costa norte del Canal Beagle.
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