Production of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) was examined in drinking water inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. The strain employed was isolated from a US water distribution system. ZEN was purified with an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The extracellular yield of ZEN was 15.0 ng l −1 . Visual growth was observed. Ergosterol was also indicative of growth and an average of 6.2 μg l −1 was obtained. Other compounds were also detected although remain unidentified. There is no equivalent information available. More work is required on metabolite expression in water as mycotoxins have consequences for human and animal health. The levels detected in this study were low. Water needs to be accepted as a potential source as it attracts high quality demands in terms of purity.

This study examined the acceptability of four behavioral staff management techniques: instruction1 modeling, reinforcement, punishment, and self-management. Staff working with developmentally handicapped clients were randomly assigned to these conditions, which were presented in roleplays with a handicapped confederate, while the experimenter directed the management techniques toward the reinforcing behaviors of staff. Dependent variables included number of reinforcers delivered by the staff person, number of problems attempted by the confederate, and ratings of acceptability from staff. Instruction/modeling was most acceptable, followed, in order, by self-management, reinforcement, and punishment. A significant interaction showed number of reinforcers to increase only for instruction/modeling and self-management conditions.

No abstract

No abstract