Alongside with the appearance of the so far unknown reality called cyberspace, the new conditions of the course of conflicts emerged, consequently both the scientists as well as practitioners started to use the term cyber conflict. Unfortunately, presently there is no consistent, common view concerning a cyber conflict.The article presents a theoretical basis of cyber conflicts based on the research carried out by the authors. The article itself is an added value since it provides the suggestion and explanation of the perspective for the understanding of cyber conflicts through the prism of Gerasimov’s perception of a contemporary conflict. Moreover, it presents a new definition of a cyber conflict as the process being the system of activities. The authors also present the stages of a conflict according to Gerasimov, as well as the structure of a cyber conflict. Additionally, the article envisages the aspects of Russian attitude to conflict solving which are worth paying attention to. The presented article offers the perspective of the Russian understanding of the resolution of conflicts, it bridges the gap in research on cyber conflicts as well as assures a strong theoretical basis for the understanding of a Russian point of view on the solution of contemporary conflicts, which might be useful for counteracting cyber conflicts. The authors hold the view that the article is the incentive for further research on cyber conflicts during competition.

During Warsaw NATO summit cyberspace has officially become a new domain of operations in which NATO must defend itself as effectively as it does in the air, on land, and at sea. According to this declaration, NATO members must achieve abilities to conduct cyber operations. This declaration shows distinctly that partners in NATO need to have defensive and offensive capabilities to interoperate with allies during cyber activities. However, the proper functioning of armed forces in a multi and international environment, their cross-sectoral cooperation in time of peace, war, and a crisis situation depends on terminology and common language. Unfortunately, different NATO countries have their own set of terms and definitions. Sometimes cyber terminology is strongly distant. The lack of a unified conceptual apparatus for cyber activities poses a serious barrier to interoperate in cyberspace. The article presents a theoretical basis of cyber terminology based on research carried out by the authors. The paper is the added value since it presents and clarifies complex issues of cybersecurity terminology. Moreover, it also presents definitions of key terms and assures a strong theoretical basis and provides an incentive for further research on the referents of cyber terms.

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Nowoczesna infrastruktura krytyczna uzależniona jest od teleinformatyki, a jej bezpieczeństwo zależy od bezpieczeństwa w cyberprzestrzeni. W artykule autor omawia prawne i doktrynalne uwarunkowania współdziałania między Siłami Zbrojnymi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a polską Policją dla zapewnienia cyberbezpieczeństwa infrastruktury krytycznej państwa w czasie działań hybrydowych prowadzonych na terytorium Polski. Autor przedstawia także istotę cyberataków oraz charakterystykę takich działań w cyberprzestrzeni oraz z jej wykorzystaniem. W artykule omówione zostały również teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty współdziałania Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z polską Policją. Niniejszy artykuł jest zaproszeniem do naukowej debaty na przedstawiony temat.