NutzungsbedingungenFor review only. Confidential. Should not be cited. Journal of SociolinguisticsTitle: Patterns of Linguistic Variation among Glaswegian Adolescent Males

This article presents the findings of a corpus linguistic analysis of the hashtags #mansplaining, #manspreading, and #manterruption, three lexical blends which have recently found widespread use across a variety of online media platforms. Focusing on the social media and microblogging site Twitter, we analyze a corpus of over 20,000 tweets containing these hashtags to examine how discourses of gender politics and gender relations are represented on the site. More specifically, our analysis suggests that users include these hashtags in tweets to index their individual evaluations of, and assumptions about, “proper” gendered behavior. Consequently, their metadiscursive references to the respective phenomena reflect their beliefs of what constitutes appropriate (verbal) behavior and the extent to which gender is appropriated as a variable dictating this behavior. As such, this article adds to our knowledge of the ways in which gendered social practices become sites of contestation and how contemporary gender politics play out in social media sites.

Drawing on narrative data collected during a three-year ethnography of a Scottish high school, this article examines the construction of working-class adolescent masculinities. More specifically, the analysis focuses on how adolescent male speakers negotiate, reject and align themselves with the hegemonically dominant ideology of 'tough' masculinity, the role socially low-risk discourses of 'tough' masculinity play in interaction, and how speakers integrate a range of discursive strategies which help maintain homosociality when 'tough' masculinity is at stake. I argue that discourses which appear to be about 'being tough' do a great deal more social work than might be expected.

A tsunami resilient community is prepared for, and properly responds to, the next tsunami to minimize loss of life and disruption to normal community activities. Key technical elements required to create resilience are evacuation plans, based on tsunami hazard maps, and accurate real-time tsunami forecasts. To produce tsunami evacuation maps requires an assessment of the tsunami hazard from historical evidence or plausible scenarios. To accurately forecast tsunamis in real time requires timely ocean observations from deep-ocean and coastal sea level sensors to generate and disseminate warning and forecast information before the tsunami strikes. Deep-ocean tsunami data, from instruments termed tsunameters, and coastal sea level data, from tide gauges, are assimilated into high-resolution forecast models to provide an accurate forecast of tsunami flooding at specific sites. Presently, there are about 50 deep ocean and 200 sea level stations that provide tsunami data for four regional tsunami warning systems in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. Real-time forecast models can also be used to generate tsunami hazard maps that lead to the production of evacuation maps to guide community resilience activities. To sustain and maintain these regional tsunami warning systems, the concept of a Tsunami Forecasting Framework is introduced as a way to encourage standardization of modeling and observational technologies, to provide a testing environment for introducing and accepting improved technologies, and to encourage scientific engagement through opportunities for research. Future challenges are portrayed as the reality of sustaining tsunami warning systems between destructive tsunamis. Proactive ways a region can support an effective regional tsunami warning system include the creation of a tsunami response and recovery plan that would not only save lives during the hours of tsunami attack, but would save communities during the years of recovery.

In the past two decades, the field of language and masculinities studies has become an established part of language, gender, and sexuality research, growing in response to concerns about the limited criticality directed toward men and masculinities in sociolinguistics. In doing so, the field has added to the conceptual and theoretical tool kit of sociolinguistics, furthering both our understanding of the linguistic strategies used by men in a variety of contexts and the myriad links connecting language and the social performance of gender. This review surveys the historical trajectory of scholarship broadly concerned with men, masculinities, and language and charts its development from more critical work on men and masculinities within sociology to its emergence as an independent field of inquiry. I outline some of the key contributions this body of work has made to sociolinguistic theory, methodology, and knowledge and suggest some future research directions through which the field may engage with contemporary social issues.