The residents of seasonal resorts must annually accommodate to the influx of large numbers of vacationers. This study conducted in two beach communities reveals that vacationers impact many aspects of people's lives, causing them to cur tail certain activities and causing deterioration of some parts of their communities. However, residents are also economically dependent upon visitors and benefit from the services and facilities which cater to tourists. On balance, most permanent resi dents are satisfied with their communities and their development. Hence, it is appar ent that communities can reconcile the demands of residential and commercial growth without destructive conflict.

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The success of standards-based education systems depends on 2 elements: strong standards, and assessments that measure what the standards expect. States that have or adopt test-based accountability programs claim that their tests are aligned to their standards. But there has been up to now no independent methodology for checking alignment. This article describes and illustrates such a methodology and reports results on a sample of state tests. In general, although individual items align quite well with some standard, the tests as a whole are not well aligned. With few exceptions, the collections of items that make up the tests that we examined do not do a good job of assessing the full range of standards and objectives that states have laid out for their students. This misalignment can have serious consequences for instruction and for the validity of test results.A dozen years ago, amid controversy about the wisdom of the idea and skepticism that it could become reality, diverse groups of Americans committed to improving achievement in America's schools promoted the idea of a standards-based system of education. The idea came simultaneously from multiple sources-a presidential advisory panel, which included business and political leaders and the head of at EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT, 9(1&2),

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