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The grey mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea, is a wound pathogen of worldwide distribution, and causes rots of almost all fruits and vegetables. The fungus can also penetrate directly from appressoria to cause severe losses to growers of flowers. B. cinerea secretes a number of inducible attack enzymes which can degrade host cell walls to widen the infection, including β‐glucosidase, pectin methylesterase, the polygalacturonases, and aspartate proteinase; laccase and benzyl alcohol oxidase appear to have roles of detoxifying compounds derived from the host during pathogenesis, a function that we believe enhances the virulence of the pathogen. With additional research, several oxidases may also become a part of the virulence group. Much more work is needed, in particular the analysis of mutants, to assign formally the roles suggested here.

This article delineates the special status of black men in contemporary society. First, considering some of the common stereotypes of black men from a historical perspective, alternative explanations are posited to counter prevailing views of the Afro-American male as emasculated, dominated by women, and lacking in positive self-esteem. T h e socialization process and problems of black youth are examined. Afterwards the special roles of lover, husband, and father are analyzed as black men interpret and carry them out. Finally, black male sexism and the response of black feminism are discussed, as are the problems and prospects for black men in American society.

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