A comparison is made between the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL) as psychiatric screening tests in community-based research projects. Both are shown to correlate equally well with independent clinical assessment, and the differences between them mainly reside in the form of their response scales. The GHQ works best as a screening test, since it has fewer false positives associated with its use, but it may miss those with long-standing disorders. The SCL tends not to miss long-standing disorders and furnishes diagnostic sub-scales if these are required. Both tests function better with men than with women and with whites than with blacks, but neither is affected by social class or age of the respondent. The study revealed high correlations between the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and indicated some possible differences between the symptom clusters seen in whites and in blacks.

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We report test beam studies of 11% of the production ATLAS Tile Calorimeter modules. The modules were equipped with production front-end electronics and all the calibration systems planned for the final detector. The studies used muon, electron and hadron beams ranging in energy from 3 to 350 GeV. Two independent studies showed that the light yield of the calorimeter was similar to 70 pe/GeV, exceeding the design goal by 40%. Electron beams provided a calibration of the modules at the electromagnetic energy scale. Over 200 calorimeter cells the variation of the response was 2.4%. The linearity with energy was also measured. Muon beams provided an intercalibration of the response of all calorimeter cells. The response to muons entering in the ATLAS projective geometry showed an RMS variation of 2.5% for 91 measurements over a range of rapidities and modules. The mean response to hadrons of fixed energy had an RMS variation of 1.4% for the modules and projective angles studied. The response to hadrons normalized to incident beam energy showed an 8% increase between 10 and 350 GeV, fully consistent with expectations for a noncompensating calorimeter. The measured energy resolution for hadrons of sigma/E = 52.9%/root E circle plus 5.7% was also consistent with expectations. Other auxiliary studies were made of saturation recovery of the readout system, the time resolution of the calorimeter and the performance of the trigger signals from the calorimeter. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

We administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire to 39 unipolar depressed patients at the beginning and end of cognitive therapy and at one-year follow-up, and we administered it to 12 bipolar patients during a depressed episode. A pessimistic explanatory style for bad events correlated with severity of depression for unipolars at cognitive therapy intake (r = .56, p < .0002), termination (r = .57, p < .0008), and one-year follow-up (r = .64, p < .0005) and among the bipolars (r = .63, p < .03). Explanatory style and depressive symptoms significantly improved by the end of cognitive therapy and remained improved at one-year follow-up. For the unipolars in cognitive therapy, explanatory style change from intake to termination correlated with change in depressive symptoms from intake to termination (r = .65, p < .0001). These results suggest that explanatory style may be one of the mechanisms of change for unipolar depressive patients undergoing cognitive therapy.The reformulation of the learned helplessness model of depression claims that a tendency to make internal, stable, and global explanations for bad events is a risk factor for depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978). Although this model has been explored in a variety of populations, its clinical relevance is best tested among carefully diagnosed depressed patients (Peterson & Seligman, 1984). Sweeney, Anderson, and Bailey (1986), in a meta-analysis of 104 studies of explanatory style and depression, cited 12 studies that used psychiatric patients. These patient studies, taken together, show the predicted correlation of explanatory style and depressive symptoms (e.g.

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