A Comparison of Two Psychiatric Screening Tests

Goldberg, David; Rickels, Karl; Downing, Robert W.; Hesbacher, Peter

doi:10.1192/bjp.129.1.61

Cited by 371 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The GHQ-30 questionnaire has been shown to be a valid measure of acute psychological distress in the general population (21,30), and we observed a similarly wide range of GHQ-30 scores among the study participants as in other studies. However, the GHQ score is not a 'general stress score' and other stressors may have an effect on an individual.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Individual multi-locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations

Zgaga

Vitart

Hayward

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Stress is implicated as a risk factor for numerous illnesses in humans, putatively in part mediated by biological responses to stress, such as elevated cortisol concentrations. The theory of genetic homoeostasis suggests that individual heterozygosity facilitates compensation for environmental stresses. We hypothesized that heterozygosity ameliorates the biological response to a given level of perceived stress, reflected in lower plasma cortisol concentrations. Design: We examined the role of heterozygosity in the association between perceived psychological stress and morning cortisol concentrations in 854 individuals from the isolated island of Vis, Croatia. Methods: Cortisol concentrations were measured in morning plasma samples. A total of 1184 autosomal microsatellite markers were genotyped and individual multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) was calculated as the proportion of heterozygous markers. The General Health Questionnaire with 30 items (GHQ-30) was used to assess the degree of psychological distress. Results: Mean MLH was 34.85G0.45% (range: 31.97-36.22%). Psychological distress (GHQ Likert score O31) was more prevalent in women (37 vs 18% in men, P!0.0001), in less educated people (bZK0.35 per year in school, P!0.001) and in lower socio-economic classes (bZK3.59, P!0.0001). Cortisol concentrations were positively associated with psychological distress (bZ2.20, PZ0.01). In a regression model adjusted for age, BMI, education and GHQ-30 score, MLH was independently and inversely associated with morning plasma cortisol concentrations (PZ0.005). Conclusion: More heterozygous individuals, as measured by microsatellite markers, had lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations for a given level of perceived psychological stress. This may be important, as higher cortisol concentrations may increase the allostatic load and be associated with a higher risk of stress-related illness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Individual multi-locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations

Zgaga

Vitart

Hayward

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The GHQ developed by Goldberg et al 12 measures nonpsychotic psychological disturbances and is usually used as a first-stage screening instrument in general populations. We used the Chinese validated 13 Likert-scale version as a proxy measurement for general psychological distress.…”

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, physical activity and erectile dysfunction: An U-shaped relationship from population-based study

Cheng

2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: To investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), physical activity and erectile dysfunction (ED). Design and subjects: A population representative cross-sectional analytic study of ED in Hong Kong, with two-stage stratified random sampling, and face-to-face interviews conducted by trained interviewers with structured questionnaires. Study subjects were 1506 men aged 26-70. Results: Age (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.40), physical activity (OR ¼ 0.91 per 500 kcal/week; 95% CI 0.84-0.98), and general psychological distress (OR ¼ 1.03 per GHQ score; 95% CI 1.00-1.06) were independently associated with ED after multivariate adjustments. An U-shaped relationship between BMI and ED was observed only among men with no exercise (oonce/week): BMI o18.5 (OR ¼ 2.99; 95% CI 1.01-8.86), 18.5-19.9 (OR ¼ 2.66; 95% CI 1.04-6.79), 20.0-20.9 (OR ¼ 1.37; 95% CI 0.49-3.79), 22.0-22.9 (OR ¼ 1.36; 95% CI 0.58-3.17), 23.0-24.9 (OR ¼ 1.66; 95% CI 0.70-3.93), X25.0 (OR ¼ 2.47; 95% CI 1.08-5.67) using BMI 21.0-21.9 as reference, adjusted for age, GHQ and smoking status. Being physically active (X1000 kcal/week) only reduced the risk of ED (OR ¼ 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.95) in men who were obese, adjusted for age, GHQ, smoking status and BMI. Conclusions: BMI and physical activity independently and differentially affected ED risk. BMI had greatest influence with low physical activity, and physical activity exerted greatest influence when BMI was high. This is the first study to demonstrate an U-shaped relationship between BMI and ED risk, but only in men with no exercise, and to identify underweight as a risk factor for ED. This relationship has clinical implications for obese as well as underweight individuals.

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“…A St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire [12] and General Health Questionnaires (GHQ 30) [13] were also completed.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma

Robinson¹,

Campbell²,

Durham³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

258

200

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Five per cent of asthmatics remain symptomatic despite high-dose treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate how often such difficult-to-treat asthma is due to intractable asthma, misdiagnosis, non-adherence with therapy, or psychiatric problems.Difficult asthma was defined as persistence of symptoms despite treatment at step 4 of British guidelines or requirement for long-term oral glucocorticoids (step 5). Onehundred patients with a respiratory physician diagnosis of asthma were investigated in a single tertiary respiratory unit in an open and descriptive study.Twelve of the patients studied did not have asthma and a further seven had additional diagnoses. Of the remainder, 55 had an asthma diagnosis confirmed by demonstration of reversible airflow narrowing or peak flow variability, whilst 20 did not. Noncompliance with prednisolone therapy was more frequent in the 55 with confirmed asthma (nine of 18 prescribed oral prednisolone at a dose of o15 mg?day -1 ) and was not detected in the "unconfirmed asthma" group. There were no other significant differences between these groups. A major psychiatric component was detected in 10 patients.Systematic evaluation of difficult asthma is useful as it can identify alternative or additional diagnoses, psychiatric illness or nonconcordance with therapy in a substantial proportion of cases (32% in the present series). Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 478-483.

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A Comparison of Two Psychiatric Screening Tests

Cited by 371 publications

References 1 publication

Individual multi-locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations

Individual multi-locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations

Body mass index, physical activity and erectile dysfunction: An U-shaped relationship from population-based study

Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma

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