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Progesterone-treated C3H and TO mice were inoculated genitally with a human C. trachomatis strain, serovar E, designated N.I. 1 or with 2SP control medium. Of the C3H mice serving as controls 93% had litters by the end of a 6-month period compared to 31% of mice infected with chlamydiae. This infertility could not be explained by tubal occlusion, since the oviducts appeared normal at autopsy. Some of the mice were induced to superovulate. Eggs were never recovered from the oviducts on the inoculated sides of infertile mice although they were sometimes found in the lumen of the uninoculated oviducts. In contrast, eggs were recovered routinely from both oviducts of control mice. In addition, eggs and/or their accompanying cumulus cells could be seen in the periovarial space of mice inoculated with chlamydiae, indicating a failure of the transportation of eggs to the oviduct. This could explain the high incidence of ectopic pregnancies in women after chlamydial infection. No adverse effect on fertility was seen in TO mice inoculated genitally with strain N.I.1. Of the mice given 2SP medium, 73% had litters, but 87% of the mice inoculated with chlamydiae were also fertile. There was, however, a significantly greater variation in the birth weights of mice born to infected TO mothers than those born to control mice. This difference in the susceptibility of mouse strains suggests that a genetic predisposition should also be considered for man.

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Little is known about the natural occurrence of hemolytic streptococci and the epidemiology of streptococcal infections in civilian populations, in contrast to the extensive studies that have been performed in the armed services. The importance of learning more about this subject is emphasized by the observations that rheumatic fever and nephritis can be prevented by prophylaxis or treatment of streptococcal infections.1' 2 The recent reports which show that acute glomerulonephritis often follows infections caused by certain serologic types of Group A streptococci also point toward the need for more extensive classification of these microorganisms.2 With these items in mind a study was designed to investigate over a period of years the following problems: (1) the carrier rates for hemolytic streptococci in a specific age group of children; (2) the serologic groups and types of these streptococci; (3) the persistence or change in groups and types during the time of observation; and (4) High streptococcal carrier rates found among typical school children in an area where such infections are assumed to be lower than in more rigorous climates suggests caution in interpreting similar "throat culture" surveys.